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In this paper, we study the k-neighbor bootstrap percolation process on the d-dimensional grid [n]^d, and show that the minimum number of initial vertices that percolate is (1-d/k)n^d + O(n^{d-1})$ when d<=k<=2d. This confirms a conjecture…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-05 Hao Huang , Choongbum Lee

We consider a classic model known as bootstrap percolation on the $n \times n$ square grid. To each vertex of the grid we assign an initial state, infected or healthy, and then in consecutive rounds we infect every healthy vertex that has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-06 Fabricio Benevides , Michał Przykucki

Consider a $p$-random subset $A$ of initially infected vertices in the discrete cube $[L]^3$, and assume that the neighbourhood of each vertex consists of the $a_i$ nearest neighbours in the $\pm e_i$-directions for each $i \in \{1,2,3\}$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-02 Daniel Blanquicett

In modified two-neighbour bootstrap percolation in two dimensions each site of $\mathbb Z^2$ is initially independently infected with probability $p$ and on each discrete time step one additionally infects sites with at least two…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-31 Ivailo Hartarsky

Consider the process where the $n$ vertices of a square $2$-dimensional torus appear consecutively in a random order. We show that typically the size of the $3$-core of the corresponding induced unit-distance graph transitions from $0$ to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Ivailo Hartarsky , Lyuben Lichev

We investigate the behaviour of $r$-neighbourhood bootstrap percolation on the binomial $k$-uniform random hypergraph $H_k(n,p)$ for given integers $k\geq 2$ and $r\geq 2$. In $r$-neighbourhood bootstrap percolation, infection spreads…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Mihyun Kang , Christoph Koch , Tamás Makai

We consider dynamical percolation on the $d$-dimensional discrete torus of side length $n$, $\mathbb{Z}_n^d$, where each edge refreshes its status at rate $\mu=\mu_n\le 1/2$ to be open with probability $p$. We study random walk on the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-07-25 Yuval Peres , Perla Sousi , Jeffrey E. Steif

The Hamming torus of dimension $d$ is the graph with vertices $\{1,\dots,n\}^d$ and an edge between any two vertices that differ in a single coordinate. Bootstrap percolation with threshold $\theta$ starts with a random set of open…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-01-26 Janko Gravner , Christopher Hoffman , James Pfeiffer , David Sivakoff

Bootstrap percolation is a prominent framework for studying the spreading of activity on a graph. We begin with an initial set of active vertices. The process then proceeds in rounds, and further vertices become active as soon as they have…

The $r$-neighbour bootstrap process on a graph $G$ begins with a set of infected vertices; subsequently, healthy vertices become infected once they have at least $r$ infected neighbours. The central extremal problem in bootstrap percolation…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Jonathan A. Noel

Metastability thresholds lie at the heart of bootstrap percolation theory. Yet proving precise lower bounds is notoriously hard. We show that for two of the most classical models, two-neighbour and Frob\"ose, upper bounds are sharp to…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Ivailo Hartarsky , Augusto Teixeira

In the random $r$-neighbour bootstrap percolation process on a graph $G$, a set of initially infected vertices is chosen at random by retaining each vertex of $G$ independently with probability $p\in (0,1)$, and "healthy" vertices get…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Mihyun Kang , Michael Missethan , Dominik Schmid

We consider the $r$-neighbor bootstrap percolation process on the graph with vertex set $V=\{0,1\}^n$ and edges connecting the pairs at Hamming distance $1,2,\dots,k$, where $k\ge 2$. We find asymptotics of the critical probability of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Fengxing Zhu

This paper analyzes various questions pertaining to bootstrap percolation on the $d$-dimensional Hamming torus where each node is open with probability $p$ and the percolation threshold is 2. For each $d'<d$ we find the critical exponent…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-11-02 Erik Slivken

Two-dimensional bootstrap percolation is a cellular automaton in which sites become 'infected' by contact with two or more already infected nearest neighbors. We consider these dynamics, which can be interpreted as a monotone version of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-12-27 Janko Gravner , Alexander E. Holroyd , Robert Morris

A bootstrap percolation process on a graph $G$ is an "infection" process which evolves in rounds. Initially, there is a subset of infected nodes and in each subsequent round each uninfected node which has at least $r$ infected neighbours…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-08-15 Hamed Amini , Nikolaos Fountoulakis

Bootstrap percolation is a wide class of monotone cellular automata with random initial state. In this work we develop tools for studying in full generality one of the three `universality' classes of bootstrap percolation models in two…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Ivailo Hartarsky

Graph bootstrap percolation is a simple cellular automaton introduced by Bollob\'as in 1968. Given a graph $H$ and a set $G \subseteq E(K_n)$ we initially "infect" all edges in $G$ and then, in consecutive steps, we infect every $e \in K_n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-28 Béla Bollobás , Michał Przykucki , Oliver Riordan , Julian Sahasrabudhe

Graph bootstrap percolation is a discrete-time process capturing the spread of a virus on the edges of $K_n$. Given an initial set $G\subseteq K_n$ of infected edges, the transmission of the virus is governed by a fixed graph $H$: in each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 David Fabian , Patrick Morris , Tibor Szabó

In this paper we study the strict majority bootstrap percolation process on graphs. Vertices may be active or passive. Initially, active vertices are chosen independently with probability p. Each passive vertex becomes active if at least…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-11-21 Marcos Kiwi , Pablo Moisset de Espanés , Ivan Rapaport , Sergio Rica , Guillaume Theyssier