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This paper presents \textit{OFHE}, an electro-optical accelerator designed to process Discretized TFHE (DTFHE) operations, which encrypt multi-bit messages and support homomorphic multiplications, lookup table operations and full-domain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Mengxin Zheng , Cheng Chu , Qian Lou , Nathan Youngblood , Mo Li , Sajjad Moazeni , Lei Jiang

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows arbitrarily complex computations on encrypted data without ever needing to decrypt it, thus enabling us to maintain data privacy on third-party systems. Unfortunately, sustaining deep computations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Leo de Castro , Rashmi Agrawal , Rabia Yazicigil , Anantha Chandrakasan , Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Chiraag Juvekar , Ajay Joshi

Ensuring secure and efficient data processing in mobile edge computing (MEC) systems is a critical challenge. While quantum key distribution (QKD) offers unconditionally secure key exchange and homomorphic encryption (HE) enables…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Liangxin Qian , Yang Li , Jun Zhao

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables an entity to perform arbitrary computation on encrypted data without decrypting the ciphertexts. An ongoing group-theoretical approach to construct an FHE scheme uses a certain "compression"…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Koji Nuida

While many hardware accelerators have recently been proposed to address the inefficiency problem of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes, none of them is able to deliver optimal performance when facing real-world FHE workloads…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Junxue Zhang , Xiaodian Cheng , Gang Cao , Meng Dai , Yijun Sun , Han Tian , Dian Shen , Yong Wang , Kai Chen

The nonrecursive Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm was the first quantum algorithm to show a superpolynomial improvement over the corresponding best classical algorithm. Here we define a class of circuits that solve a particular case of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-03 Pablo Fernández , Miguel A. Martin-Delgado

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables privacy-preserving aggregation in federated learning (FL) by allowing the server to operate on encrypted data without decryption. Existing HE-over-the-air methods mainly rely on single-key HE schemes and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Anthony Ayli , Khalil Harris , Jihad Fahs , Mohamad Assaad

Federated learning is a method used in machine learning to allow multiple devices to work together on a model without sharing their private data. Each participant keeps their private data on their system and trains a local model and only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Feiran Yang

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a set of powerful cryptographic schemes that allows computation to be performed directly on encrypted data with an unlimited depth. Despite FHE's promising in privacy-preserving computing, yet in most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yi Huang , Xinsheng Gong , Xiangyu Kong , Dibei Chen , Jianfeng Zhu , Wenping Zhu , Liangwei Li , Mingyu Gao , Shaojun Wei , Aoyang Zhang , Leibo Liu

Data privacy is a significant concern when using numerical simulations for sensitive information such as medical, financial, or engineering data -- especially in untrusted environments like public cloud infrastructures. Fully homomorphic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Arseniy Kholod , Yuriy Polyakov , Michael Schlottke-Lakemper

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) refers to a set of encryption schemes that allow computations to be applied directly on encrypted data without requiring a secret key. This enables novel application scenarios where a client can safely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Roshan Dathathri , Olli Saarikivi , Hao Chen , Kim Laine , Kristin Lauter , Saeed Maleki , Madanlal Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables private inference by evaluating neural networks on encrypted data. In this way, we can delegate the computation to a third party server without ever revealing the user's data. Currently, the CKKS…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Philipp Kern , Lorenzo Rovida , Samuel Teuber , Edoardo Manino , Carsten Sinz , Alberto Leporati

With the ubiquitous deployment of web services, ensuring data confidentiality has become a challenging imperative. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) presents a powerful solution for processing encrypted data; however, its widespread…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Baigang Chen , Dongfang Zhao

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic method that guarantees the privacy and security of user data during computation. FHE algorithms can perform unlimited arithmetic computations directly on encrypted data without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Charles Gouert , Vinu Joseph , Steven Dalton , Cedric Augonnet , Michael Garland , Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos

We construct a (compact) quantum fully homomorphic encryption (QFHE) scheme starting from (compact) classical fully homomorphic encryption scheme with decryption in $\mathsf{NC}^{1}$, together with a dual-mode trapdoor function family.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-06 Aparna Gupte , Vinod Vaikuntanathan

Much of machine learning relies on the use of large amounts of data to train models to make predictions. When this data comes from multiple sources, for example when evaluation of data against a machine learning model is offered as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Peter Fenner , Edward O. Pyzer-Knapp

The widespread deployment of products powered by machine learning models is raising concerns around data privacy and information security worldwide. To address this issue, Federated Learning was first proposed as a privacy-preserving…

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a privacy-preserving technique that enables computation directly over ciphertext. Unfortunately, a key challenge for HE is that implementations can be impractically slow and have limits on computation that can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Hsuan Hsiao , Vincent Lee , Brandon Reagen , Armin Alaghi

Legacy encryption systems depend on sharing a key (public or private) among the peers involved in exchanging an encrypted message. However, this approach poses privacy concerns. Especially with popular cloud services, the control over the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-09 Abbas Acar , Hidayet Aksu , A. Selcuk Uluagac , Mauro Conti

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), a novel cryptographic theory enabling computation directly on ciphertext data, offers significant security benefits but is hampered by substantial performance overhead. In recent years, a series of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Shengyu Fan , Xianglong Deng , Zhuoyu Tian , Zhicheng Hu , Liang Chang , Rui Hou , Dan Meng , Mingzhe Zhang