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We develop the theory linking 'E-separation' in directed mixed graphs (DMGs) with conditional independence relations among coordinate processes in stochastic differential equations (SDEs), where causal relationships are determined by "which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Georg Manten , Cecilia Casolo , Søren Wengel Mogensen , Niki Kilbertus

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are a standard tool in causal modeling, but their suitability for capturing the complexity of large-scale multimodal data is questionable. In practice, real-world multimodal datasets are often collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuhang Liu , Zhen Zhang , Dong Gong , Erdun Gao , Biwei Huang , Mingming Gong , Anton van den Hengel , Kun Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

We present a generalized linear structural causal model, coupled with a novel data-adaptive linear regularization, to recover causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from time series. By leveraging a recently developed stochastic monotone…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Song Wei , Yao Xie , Christopher S. Josef , Rishikesan Kamaleswaran

We present a generalized linear structural causal model, coupled with a novel data-adaptive linear regularization, to recover causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from time series. By leveraging a recently developed stochastic monotone…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Song Wei , Yao Xie , Christopher S. Josef , Rishikesan Kamaleswaran

Recovering underlying Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structures from observational data is highly challenging due to the combinatorial nature of the DAG-constrained optimization problem. Recently, DAG learning has been cast as a continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Zhen Zhang , Ignavier Ng , Dong Gong , Yuhang Liu , Ehsan M Abbasnejad , Mingming Gong , Kun Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Recursive linear structural equation models and the associated directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) play an important role in causal discovery. The classic identifiability result for this class of models states that when only observational data…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-21 Jun Wu , Mathias Drton

We introduce a new class of identifiable DAG models where the conditional distribution of each node given its parents belongs to a family of generalized hypergeometric distributions (GHD). A family of generalized hypergeometric…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-17 Gunwoong Park , Hyewon Park

Structural learning of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) or Bayesian networks has been studied extensively under the assumption that data are independent. We propose a new Gaussian DAG model for dependent data which assumes the observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-30 Hangjian Li , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Qing Zhou

In observational studies, the true causal model is typically unknown and needs to be estimated from available observational and limited experimental data. In such cases, the learned causal model is commonly represented as a partially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Malte Luttermann , Marcel Wienöbst , Maciej Liśkiewicz

We outline a representation for discrete multivariate distributions in terms of interventional potential functions that are globally normalized. This representation can be used to model the effects of interventions, and the independence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-05-14 Mark Schmidt , Kevin Murphy

Recently continuous relaxations have been proposed in order to learn Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) from data by backpropagation, instead of using combinatorial optimization. However, a number of techniques for fully discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Andrew J. Wren , Pasquale Minervini , Luca Franceschi , Valentina Zantedeschi

Causal representation learning aims to recover the latent causal variables and their causal relations, typically represented by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), from low-level observations such as image pixels. A prevailing line of research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ignavier Ng , Shaoan Xie , Xinshuai Dong , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

Causal models in statistics are often described using acyclic directed mixed graphs (ADMGs), which contain directed and bidirected edges and no directed cycles. This article surveys various interpretations of ADMGs, discusses their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-28 Qingyuan Zhao

Missing data is a pervasive problem in data analyses, resulting in datasets that contain censored realizations of a target distribution. Many approaches to inference on the target distribution using censored observed data, rely on missing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-02 Rohit Bhattacharya , Razieh Nabi , Ilya Shpitser , James M. Robins

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) has been widely employed to represent directional relationships among a set of collected nodes. Yet, the available data in one single study is often limited for accurate DAG reconstruction, whereas heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-17 Mingyang Ren , Xin He , Junhui Wang

Mainly motivated by the problem of modelling directional dependence relationships for multivariate count data in high-dimensional settings, we present a new algorithm, called learnDAG, for learning the structure of directed acyclic graphs…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-10 Thi Kim Hue Nguyen , Monica Chiogna , Davide Risso

In multivariate statistics, acyclic mixed graphs with directed and bidirected edges are widely used for compact representation of dependence structures that can arise in the presence of hidden (i.e., latent or unobserved) variables. Indeed,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-08-20 Christopher J. Fox , Andreas Käufl , Mathias Drton

Simulations are ubiquitous in machine learning. Especially in graph learning, simulations of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) are being deployed for evaluating new algorithms. In the literature, it was recently argued that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Jonas Seng , Matej Zečević , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Background: In epidemiology, causal inference and prediction modeling methodologies have been historically distinct. Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are used to model a priori causal assumptions and inform variable selection strategies for…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-03 Marco Piccininni , Stefan Konigorski , Jessica L Rohmann , Tobias Kurth

Bayesian networks represent relations between variables using a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Learning the DAG is an NP-hard problem and exact learning algorithms are feasible only for small sets of variables. We propose two scalable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Pierre Gillot , Pekka Parviainen
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