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A {\em hole} is an induced cycle of length at least 4, a $k$-hole is a hole of length $k$, and an {\em odd hole} is a hole of odd length. Let $\ell\ge 2$ be an integer. Let ${\cal A}_{\ell}$ be the family of graphs of girth at least $2\ell$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-03 Ran Chen , Baogang Xu

Dvo\v{r}\'ak \emph{et al.} introduced a variant of the Randi\'c index of a graph $G$, denoted by $R'(G)$, where $R'(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\frac 1 {\max\{d(u), d(v)\}}$, and $d(u)$ denotes the degree of a vertex $u$ in $G$. The coloring number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-06 Baoyindureng Wu , Clive Elphick

A locally irregular graph is a graph in which the end-vertices of every edge have distinct degrees. A locally irregular edge coloring of a graph G is any edge coloring of G such that each of the colors induces a locally irregular subgraph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-17 Jelena Sedlar , Riste Škrekovski

A strong $k$-edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is a mapping from $E(G)$ to $\{1,2,\ldots,k\}$ such that every pair of distinct edges at distance at most two receive different colors. The strong chromatic index $\chi'_s(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-28 Gerard Jennhwa Chang , Guan-Huei Duh

For a set of nonnegative integers $c_1, \ldots, c_k$, a $(c_1, c_2,\ldots, c_k)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a partition of $V(G)$ into $V_1, \ldots, V_k$ such that for every $i$, $1\le i\le k, G[V_i]$ has maximum degree at most $c_i$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-21 Heather Hoskins , Runrun Liu , Jennifer Vandenbussche , Gexin Yu

In an edge-colored graph $(G,c)$, let $d^c(v)$ denote the number of colors on the edges incident with a vertex $v$ of $G$ and $\delta^c(G)$ denote the minimum value of $d^c(v)$ over all vertices $v\in V(G)$. A cycle of $(G,c)$ is called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-29 Xiaozheng Chen , Xueliang Li

An injective $k$-edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is a mapping $\phi$: $E(G)\rightarrow\{1,2,...,k\}$, such that $\phi(e)\ne\phi(e')$ if edges $e$ and $e'$ are at distance two, or are in a triangle. The smallest integer $k$ such that $G$ has an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-12 Danjun Huang , Yuqian Guo

A proper edge coloring of a graph $G$ with colors $1,2,\dots,t$ is called a cyclic interval $t$-coloring if for each vertex $v$ of $G$ the edges incident to $v$ are colored by consecutive colors, under the condition that color $1$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-15 Armen S. Asratian , Carl Johan Casselgren , Petros A. Petrosyan

A cyclic coloring of a plane graph $G$ is a coloring of its vertices such that vertices incident with the same face have distinct colors. The minimum number of colors in a cyclic coloring of a plane graph $G$ is its cyclic chromatic number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-23 Stanislav Jendrol , Roman Sotak

We propose the notion of a majority $k$-edge-coloring of a graph $G$, which is an edge-coloring of $G$ with $k$ colors such that, for every vertex $u$ of $G$, at most half the edges of $G$ incident with $u$ have the same color. We show the…

We prove several results on coloring squares of planar graphs without 4-cycles. First, we show that if $G$ is such a graph, then $G^2$ is $(\Delta(G)+72)$-degenerate. This implies an upper bound of $\Delta(G)+73$ on the chromatic number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-06 Ilkyoo Choi , Daniel W. Cranston , Théo Pierron

The star chromatic index of a graph $G$, denoted by $\chi^\prime_s(G)$, is the smallest integer $k$ for which $G$ admits a proper edge coloring with $k$ colors such that every path and cycle of length four is not bicolored. Let $d$ be the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Behnaz Omoomi Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi

A dynamic coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper coloring such that for every vertex $v\in V(G)$ of degree at least 2, the neighbors of $v$ receive at least 2 colors. It was conjectured [B. Montgomery. {\em Dynamic coloring of graphs}. PhD…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-25 Meysam Alishahi

For a digraph $G$, let $f(G)$ be the maximum chromatic number of an acyclic subgraph of $G$. For an $n$-vertex digraph $G$ it is proved that $f(G) \ge n^{5/9-o(1)}s^{-14/9}$ where $s$ is the bipartite independence number of $G$, i.e., the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-29 Raphael Yuster

Odd coloring is a proper coloring with an additional restriction that every non-isolated vertex has some color that appears an odd number of times in its neighborhood. The minimum number of colors $k$ that can ensure an odd coloring of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Fangyu Tian , Yuxue Yin

A strong edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring such that no two edges of distance at most two receive the same color. The strong chromatic index $\chi'_s(G)$ is the minimum number of colors in a strong edge-coloring of $G$. P.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-06 Chuanyun Zang

An injective edge-coloring $c$ of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring such that if $e_1$, $e_2$, and $e_3$ are three consecutive edges in $G$ (they are consecutive if they form a path or a cycle of length three), then $e_1$ and $e_3$ receive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-01 Baya Ferdjallah , Samia Kerdjoudj , Andre Raspaud

Circular $r$-coloring of a signed graph $(G,\sigma)$ is a mapping of its vertices to a circle of circumference $r$ such that: I. each pair of vertices with a negative connection is at distance at least $1$, and II. for each pair with a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Reza Naserasr , Huan Zhou

A normal edge-coloring of a cubic graph is a proper edge-coloring, in which every edge is adjacent to edges colored with four distinct colors or to edges colored with two distinct colors. It is conjectured that $5$ colors suffice for a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Igor Fabrici , Borut Lužar , Roman Soták , Diana Švecová

A 2-hued coloring of a graph $G$ (also known as conditional $(k, 2)$-coloring and dynamic coloring) is a coloring such that for every vertex $v\in V(G)$ of degree at least $2$, the neighbors of $v$ receive at least $2$ colors. The smallest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-06 Arash Ahadi , Ali Dehghan
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