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We define a two-player combinatorial game in which players take alternate turns; each turn consists on deleting a vertex of a graph, together with all the edges containing such vertex. If any vertex became isolated by a player's move then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Richard Adams , Janae Dixon , Jennifer Elder , Jamie Peabody , Oscar Vega , Karen Willis

Lights Out is a game played on a graph $G$ where every vertex has a light bulb that is either on or off, and pressing a vertex $v$ toggles the state of every vertex in the closed neighborhood of $v$. The goal is to find a subset of vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Julien Codsi , Sergio Cristancho , Alexander Divoux , Varun Sivashankar

We study biased Maker-Breaker positional games between two players, one of whom is playing randomly against an opponent with an optimal strategy. In this work we focus on the case of Breaker playing randomly and Maker being "clever". The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-01 Jonas Groschwitz , Tibor Szabó

We study strategic games on weighted directed graphs, in which the payoff of a player is defined as the sum of the weights on the edges from players who chose the same strategy, augmented by a fixed non-negative integer bonus for picking a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Krzysztof R. Apt , Sunil Simon , Dominik Wojtczak

The two-player, complete information game of Cops and Robber is played on undirected finite graphs. A number of cops and one robber are positioned on vertices and take turns in sliding along edges. The cops win if, after a move, a cop and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-23 Gwenaël Joret , Marcin Kamiński , Dirk Oliver Theis

The concept of biased Maker-Breaker games, introduced by Chv\'atal and Erd{\H o}s, is a central topic in the field of positional games, with deep connections to the theory of random structures. For any given hypergraph ${\cal H}$ the main…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-06 Christopher Kusch , Juanjo Rué , Christoph Spiegel , Tibor Szabó

To address the dynamic nature of real-world networks, we generalize competitive diffusion games and Voronoi games from static to temporal graphs, where edges may appear or disappear over time. This establishes a new direction of studies in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Niclas Boehmer , Vincent Froese , Julia Henkel , Yvonne Lasars , Rolf Niedermeier , Malte Renken

The game of Cops and Robber is a pursuit-evasion game which is usually played on a connected graph. In the game, a set of cops and a robber move around the vertices of a graph along edges, where the cops aim to capture the robber, while the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-27 Pinkaew Siriwong , Ratinan Boonklurb , Henry Liu , Sirirat Singhun

The semi-random graph process is a single-player game that begins with an empty graph on $n$ vertices. In each round, a vertex $u$ is presented to the player independently and uniformly at random. The player then adaptively selects a vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Natalie C. Behague , Trent G. Marbach , Pawel Pralat , Andrzej Rucinski

We study a variant of the classical cop-robber game played on compact metric graphs, where each edge is assigned a positive length and identified with a real interval of corresponding length. In this setting, both the cop and the robber…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Daniel Berend , Michael D. Boshernitzan

An alternating graph is a directed graph whose vertex set is partitioned into two classes, existential and universal. This forms the basic arena for a plethora of infinite duration two-player games where Player~$\square$ and~$\ocircle$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Carlo Comin , Romeo Rizzi

We introduce differential games for FO logic of graphs, a variant of Ehrenfeucht-Fra\"{i}ss\'e games in which the game is played on only one graph and the moves of both players restricted. We prove that, in a certain sense, these games are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Jakub Gajarský , Maximilian Gorsky , Stephan Kreutzer

We study the (1:b) Maker-Breaker component game, played on the edge set of a d-regular graph. Maker's aim in this game is to build a large connected component, while Breaker's aim is to not let him do so. For all values of Breaker's bias b,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-03 Rani Hod , Alon Naor

In this paper we will be introducing a type of game which as far as this author is aware has never been studied before. These are games where there are two players, one who is trying to get one of his pieces, called a King to a predefined…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-09-07 Fraser Stewart

The existence of adversarial examples capable of fooling trained neural network classifiers calls for a much better understanding of possible attacks to guide the development of safeguards against them. This includes attack methods in the…

The Cops and Robber game is played on undirected finite graphs. $k$ cops and one robber are positioned on vertices and take turn in moving along edges. The cops win if, after a move, a cop and the robber are on the same vertex. A graph is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-11-10 Dirk Oliver Theis

We present an algebraic framework for the analysis of combinatorial games. This framework embraces the classical theory of partizan games as well as a number of misere games, comply-constrain games, and card games that have been studied…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-12-03 Johan Wästlund

Given a graph $G$, we consider a game where two players, $A$ and $B$, alternatingly color edges of $G$ in red and in blue respectively. Let $l(G)$ be the maximum number of moves in which $B$ is able to keep the red and the blue subgraphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Frank Harary , Wolfgang Slany , Oleg Verbitsky

We study versions of cop and robber pursuit-evasion games on the visibility graphs of polygons, and inside polygons with straight and curved sides. Each player has full information about the other player's location, players take turns, and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-01-07 Anna Lubiw , Jack Snoeyink , Hamideh Vosoughpour

In classical Maker-Breaker games on graphs, Maker and Breaker take turns claiming edges; Maker's goal is to claim all of some structure (e.g., a spanning tree, Hamilton cycle, etc.), while Breaker aims to stop her. The standard question…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Wesley Pegden , Francesca Yu