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We propose a novel method applicable in many scene understanding problems that adapts the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm, originally designed to learn to play games of high-state complexity. From a generated pool of proposals, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Sinisa Stekovic , Mahdi Rad , Alireza Moradi , Friedrich Fraundorfer , Vincent Lepetit

We consider multi-player games played on graphs, in which the players aim at fulfilling their own (not necessarily antagonistic) objectives. In the spirit of evolutionary game theory, we suppose that the players have the right to repeatedly…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Thomas Brihaye , Gilles Geeraerts , Marion Hallet , Benjamin Monmege , Bruno Quoitin

Much of recent success in multiagent reinforcement learning has been in two-player zero-sum games. In these games, algorithms such as fictitious self-play and minimax tree search can converge to an approximate Nash equilibrium. While…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Alexander Shmakov , John Lanier , Stephen McAleer , Rohan Achar , Cristina Lopes , Pierre Baldi

Artificial Intelligence, when amalgamated with games makes the ideal structure for research and advancing the field. Multi-agent games have multiple controls for each agent which generates huge amounts of data while increasing search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Harsh Panwar , Saswata Chatterjee , Wil Dube

Regret matching (RM) -- and its modern variants -- is a foundational online algorithm that has been at the heart of many AI breakthrough results in solving benchmark zero-sum games, such as poker. Yet, surprisingly little is known so far in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ioannis Anagnostides , Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang , Ioannis Panageas , Vincent Conitzer , Tuomas Sandholm

Search trees on trees (STTs) are a far-reaching generalization of binary search trees (BSTs), allowing the efficient exploration of tree-structured domains. (BSTs are the special case in which the underlying domain is a path.) Trees on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Benjamin Aram Berendsohn , László Kozma

In this article, we prove the completeness of the following game search algorithms: unbounded best-first minimax with completion and descent with completion, i.e. we show that, with enough time, they find the best game strategy. We then…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Quentin Cohen-Solal

In this paper, we analyse a misere tree searching game, where players take turns to guess vertices in a tree with a secret `poisoned' vertex. After each turn, the guessed vertex is removed from the tree and the game continues on the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Ben Andrews

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a fundamental sampling-based search algorithm widely used for online planning in sequential decision-making domains. Despite its success in driving recent advances in artificial intelligence, understanding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yiyu Qian , Liyuan Zhao , Tim Miller

AlphaZero, using a combination of Deep Neural Networks and Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), has successfully trained reinforcement learning agents in a tabula-rasa way. The neural MCTS algorithm has been successful in finding near-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Prashank Kadam , Ruiyang Xu , Karl Lieberherr

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a widely used approach for policy improvement through search with increasing popularity for real world applications. Due to the sequential and deterministic nature of its search, runtime-scaling of MCTS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yaniv Oren , Viliam Vadocz , Joery A. de Vries , Wendelin Böhmer , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Hendrik Baier

We study last-iterate convergence properties of algorithms for solving two-player zero-sum games based on Regret Matching$^+$ (RM$^+$). Despite their widespread use for solving real games, virtually nothing is known about their last-iterate…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yang Cai , Gabriele Farina , Julien Grand-Clément , Christian Kroer , Chung-Wei Lee , Haipeng Luo , Weiqiang Zheng

Many works in the domain of artificial intelligence in games focus on board or video games due to the ease of reimplementing their mechanics. Decision-making problems in real-world sports share many similarities to such domains.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Carlo Nübel , Alexander Dockhorn , Sanaz Mostaghim

In many problem settings, most notably in game playing, an agent receives a possibly delayed reward for its actions. Often, those rewards are handcrafted and not naturally given. Even simple terminal-only rewards, like winning equals one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Tobias Joppen , Johannes Fürnkranz

Monte-Carlo planning and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are essential to sequential decision making. The recent AlphaGo and AlphaZero algorithms have shown how to successfully combine these two paradigms in order to solve large scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Tuan Dam , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen

Two-player (antagonistic) games on (possibly stochastic) graphs are a prevalent model in theoretical computer science, notably as a framework for reactive synthesis. Optimal strategies may require randomisation when dealing with inherently…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-25 James C. A. Main , Mickael Randour

Game-theoretic concepts have been extensively studied in economics to provide insight into competitive behaviour and strategic decision making. As computing systems increasingly involve concurrently acting autonomous agents, game-theoretic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Marta Kwiatkowska , Gethin Norman , David Parker , Gabriel Santos , Rui Yan

We propose a novel method for effective retrieval of multi-agent spatiotemporal tracking data. Retrieval of spatiotemporal tracking data offers several unique challenges compared to conventional text-based retrieval settings. Most notably,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-10-09 Long Sha , Patrick Lucey , Stephan Zheng , Taehwan Kim , Yisong Yue , Sridha Sridharan

Robots have become increasingly prevalent in dynamic and crowded environments such as airports and shopping malls. In these scenarios, the critical challenges for robot navigation are reliability and timely arrival at predetermined…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Zhirui Sun , Boshu Lei , Peijia Xie , Fugang Liu , Junjie Gao , Ying Zhang , Jiankun Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have been successfully applied to real world situations like illegal smuggling, poaching, deforestation, climate change, airport security, etc. These scenarios can be framed as Stackelberg security…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Saptarashmi Bandyopadhyay , Chenqi Zhu , Philip Daniel , Joshua Morrison , Ethan Shay , John Dickerson