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Phase change memories (PCM) is an emerging type of non-volatile memory that has shown a strong presence in the data-storage market. This technology has recently attracted significant research interest in the development of non-Von Neumann…

Recently, interest in programmable photonics integrated circuits has grown as a potential hardware framework for deep neural networks, quantum computing, and field programmable arrays (FPGAs). However, these circuits are constrained by the…

The rapid rise of artificial intelligence, and in-memory computing has reinvigorated research on scalable, energy-efficient, and reconfigurable photonic hardware. Non-volatile phase-change materials (PCMs) are attractive, as they offer…

Photonic topological insulators (PTIs) offer robust platforms for light manipulation, but reconfigurable control of their topological properties without degrading performance remains a major challenge. While phase-change materials (PCMs)…

Reconfigurability of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has become increasingly important due to the growing demands for electronic-photonic systems on a chip driven by emerging applications, including neuromorphic computing, quantum…

Chalcogenide materials are an important class of phase change material (PCMs) owing to their employment in digital memory solutions. Chalgogenide materials have applications in phase change random access memory (PCRAM) due to their ability…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-15 Owain T. Beynon , Adham Hashibon

Scalable programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) can potentially transform the current state of classical and quantum optical information processing. However, traditional means of programming, including thermo-optic, free carrier…

In the search for phase change materials (PCM) that may rival traditional random access memory, a complete understanding of the amorphous to crystalline phase transition is required. For the well-known Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and GeTe (GT)…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-19 James L. Bosse , Ilya Grishin , Bryan D. Huey , Oleg V. Kolosov

Progress in integrated nanophotonics has enabled large-scale programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for general-purpose electronic-photonic systems on a chip. Relying on the weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effects,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 Jiajiu Zheng , Shifeng Zhu , Peipeng Xu , Scott Dunham , Arka Majumdar

Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) offer new paradigms for programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) thanks to their zero static energy and significant refractive index contrast. However, prototypical PCMs, such as GeSbTe…

Optics · Physics 2024-02-15 Rui Chen , Virat Tara , Jayita Dutta , Zhuoran Fang , Jiajiu Zheng , Arka Majumdar

Phase-change materials (PCMs) have emerged as key enablers of non-volatile, ultra-compact photonic switches for energy-efficient deep neural network (DNN) applications. In this work, we investigate the recently discovered…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-23 Arpan Sur , Sudipta Saha , Chih-Yu Lee , Ichiro Takeuchi

We report an electrically actuated, low-loss non-volatile optical switch based on the phase-change material (PCM) Sb2Se3 integrated on a silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform. The device is fabricated using an 8-inch wafer-scale process flow,…

Subwavelength engineering and utilizing phase-change materials with large contrast in their optical properties have become powerful design tools for integrated silicon photonics. Reversible phase-transition of phase-change materials such as…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-11 S. Hadi Badri , Saeid Gholami Farkoush

Energy-efficient programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are the cornerstone of on-chip classical and quantum optical technologies. Optical phase shifters constitute the fundamental building blocks which enable these programmable…

Silicon photonics has evolved from lab research to commercial products in the past decade as it plays an increasingly crucial role in data communication for next-generation data centers and high performance computing1. Recently,…

Neuromorphic photonics has recently emerged as a promising hardware accelerator, with significant potential speed and energy advantages over digital electronics, for machine learning algorithms such as neural networks of various types.…

Optics · Physics 2021-01-27 Changming Wu , Heshan Yu , Seokhyeong Lee , Ruoming Peng , Ichiro Takeuchi , Mo Li

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are the foundation of on-chip optical technologies. Mach-Zehnder modulators are appealing building blocks of PICs which mostly rely on weak and volatile optical effects in materials. In contrast, phase…

Ternary alloys of Ge-Sb-Te (GST) have been extensively studied due to their unique ability display a reversible change in their phase upon stimulation by optical pulses i.e., amorphous (a-GST) to crystalline (c-GST) and vice-versa. The two…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-06-17 Aditya Muralidharan

In this study, we present an all-optical reflection modulator for 2$\mu$m communication band exploiting a nano-gear-array metasurface and a phase-change-material Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$ (GST). The reflectance of the structure can be manipulated…

Optical phase change materials (O-PCMs), a unique group of materials featuring drastic optical property contrast upon solid-state phase transition, have found widespread adoption in photonic switches and routers, reconfigurable meta-optics,…