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The conditional randomization test (CRT) was recently proposed to test whether two random variables X and Y are conditionally independent given random variables Z. The CRT assumes that the conditional distribution of X given Z is known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Shuai Li , Ziqi Chen , Hongtu Zhu , Christina Dan Wang , Wang Wen

Given a probability distribution $\mu$ a set $\Lambda (\mu)$ of positive real numbers is introduced, so that $\Lambda (\mu)$ measures the "divisibility" of $\mu$. The basic properties of $\Lambda (\mu)$ are described and examples of…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 S. Albeverio , H. Gottschalk , J. -L. Wu

The definition of conditional probability in case of continuous distributions was an important step in the development of mathematical theory of probabilities. How can we define this notion in algorithmic probability theory? In this survey…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-15 Bruno Bauwens , Alexander Shen , Hayato Takahashi

The Mallows measure is a probability measure on $S_n$ where the probability of a permutation $\pi$ is proportional to $q^{l(\pi)}$ with $q > 0$ being a parameter and $l(\pi)$ the number of inversions in $\pi$. We show the convergence of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-07 Ke Jin

Kolmogorov complexity and algorithmic probability are defined only up to an additive resp. multiplicative constant, since their actual values depend on the choice of the universal reference computer. In this paper, we analyze a natural…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-03-29 Markus Mueller

Given $q\in \mathbb{N}_{\ge 3}$ and a finite set $A\subset\mathbb{Q}$, let $$K(q,A)= \bigg\{\sum_{i=1}^{\infty} \frac{a_i}{q^{i}}:a_i \in A ~\forall i\in \mathbb{N} \bigg\}.$$ For $p\in\mathbb{N}_{\ge 2}$ let $D_p\subset\mathbb{R}$ be the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Derong Kong , Kun Li , Zhiqiang Wang

We give a common description of Simon, Barab\'asi--Albert, II-PA and Price growth models, by introducing suitable random graph processes with preferential attachment mechanisms. Through the II-PA model, we prove the conditions for which the…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-02-29 Angelica Pachon , Federico Polito , Laura Sacerdote

Random integers, sampled uniformly from $[1,x]$, share similarities with random permutations, sampled uniformly from $S_n$. These similarities include the Erd\H{o}s--Kac theorem on the distribution of the number of prime factors of a random…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-04 Dor Elboim , Ofir Gorodetsky

A set of multivariate polynomials, over a field of zero or large characteristic, can be tested for algebraic independence by the well-known Jacobian criterion. For fields of other characteristic p>0, there is no analogous characterization…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-02-21 Johannes Mittmann , Nitin Saxena , Peter Scheiblechner

As a crucial problem in statistics is to decide whether additional variables are needed in a regression model. We propose a new multivariate test to investigate the conditional mean independence of Y given X conditioning on some known…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-18 Ze Jin , Xiaohan Yan , David S. Matteson

We correct Miyabe's proof of van Lambalgen's Theorem for truth-table Schnorr randomness (which we will call uniformly relative Schnorr randomness). An immediate corollary is one direction of van Lambalgen's theorem for Schnorr randomness.…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-05-02 Kenshi Miyabe , Jason Rute

We define a new independence in non-commutative probability, called $\alpha$-freeness, with respect to a triplet of states. This concept unifies several independences in non-commutative probability, in particular, free, monotone,…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Takahiro Hasebe

The problem of testing two simple hypotheses in a general probability space is considered. For a fixed type-I error probability, the best exponential decay rate of the type-II error probability is investigated. In regular asymptotic cases…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Marat V. Burnashev

We generalize results of Mingo and Nica on graded independence from the context of $\mathbb Z_2$--graded (Fermionic) noncommutative probability spaces to that of $\mathbb Z_n$--graded noncommutative probability spaces. We show that for $q$…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Frederick M. Goodman

In this paper, we characterize several classes of continuous radial basis functions that can be employed to determine whether a interaction of a probability is zero or not. These functions encompass standard independence tests but also the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-07-10 Jean Carlo Guella

We prove various results connected together by the common thread of computability theory. First, we investigate a new notion of algorithmic dimension, the inescapable dimension, which lies between the effective Hausdorff and packing…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-09-14 David J. Webb

We derive independence tests by means of dependence measures thresholding in a semiparametric context. Precisely, estimates of phi-mutual informations, associated to phi-divergences between a joint distribution and the product distribution…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-20 Amor Keziou , Philippe Regnault

We study some connections between the random moment problem and the random matrix theory. A uniform draw in a space of moments can be lifted into the spectral probability measure of the pair (A,e) where A is a random matrix from a classical…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Fabrice Gamboa , Alain Rouault

In this article we investigate different forms of multiplicative independence between the sequences $n$ and $\lfloor n \alpha \rfloor$ for irrational $\alpha$. Our main theorem shows that for a large class of arithmetic functions $a, b…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-08 David Crnčević , Felipe Hernández , Kevin Rizk , Khunpob Sereesuchart , Ran Tao

The aim of this thesis is to find a solution to the non-parametric independence problem in separable metric spaces. Suppose we are given finite collection of samples from an i.i.d. sequence of paired random elements, where each marginal has…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-13 Martin Emil Jakobsen