Related papers: Tolerances as images of congruences in varieties d…
We discuss two possible ways of representing tolerances: first, as a homomorphic image of some congruence; second, as the relational composition of some compatible relation with its converse. The second way is independent from the variety…
The homomorphic image of a congruence is always a tolerance (relation) but, within a given variety, a tolerance is not necessarily obtained this way. By a Maltsev-like condition, we characterize varieties whose tolerances are homomorphic…
We prove that a tolerance relation of a lattice is a homomorphic image of a congruence relation.
If $A$ is an algebra and \bgt is a tolerance on $A$, then $A/\bgt$ is a multi-algebra in a natural way. We give an example to show that not every multi-algebra arises in this manner. We slightly generalize the construction of $A/\bgt$ and…
Let $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma, \dots$ $\Theta$, $\Psi, \dots$ $R$, $S$, $T, \dots$ be variables for, respectively, congruences, tolerances and reflexive admissible relations. Let juxtaposition denote intersection. We show that if the…
The concept of a tolerance relation, shortly called tolerance, was studied on various algebras since the seventieth of the twentieth century by B. Zelinka and the first author. Since tolerances need not be transitive, their blocks may…
The congruence lattices of all algebras defined on a fixed finite set $A$ ordered by inclusion form a finite atomistic lattice $\mathcal E$. We describe the atoms and coatoms. Each meet-irreducible element of $\mathcal E$ being determined…
In a previous paper (From congruence identities to tolerance identities, in print on Acta Sci. Math. Szeged) we showed that, under certain conditions, a variety satisfies a given congruence identity if and only if it satisfies the same…
Coherence phenomena appear in two different situations. In the context of category theory the term `coherence constraints' refers to a set of diagrams whose commutativity implies the commutativity of a larger class of diagrams. In the…
We show that a variety $\mathcal V$ is congruence distributive if and only if there is some $h$ such that the inclusion (1) $\Theta \cap ( \sigma \circ \sigma ) \subseteq ( \Theta \cap \sigma ) \circ ( \Theta \cap \sigma ) \circ \dots $…
Every system of any significant size is created by composition from smaller sub-systems or components. It is thus fruitful to analyze the fault-tolerance of a system as a function of its composition. In this paper, two basic types of system…
A variety is a class of algebraic structures axiomatized by a set of equations. An equation is linear if there is at most one occurrence of an operation symbol on each side. We show that a variety axiomatized by linear equations has the…
We consider several ways of decomposing models into parts of bounded size forming a congruence over a base, and show that admitting any such decomposition is equivalent to mutual algebraicity at the level of theories. We also show that a…
Let L denote the variety of lattices. In 1982, the second author proved that L is strongly tolerance factorable, that is, the members of L have quotients in L modulo tolerances, although L has proper tolerances. We did not know any other…
If an outer (multilinear) commutator identity holds in a large subgroup of a group, then it holds also in a large characteristic subgroup. Similar assertions are valid for algebras and their ideals or subspaces. Varying the meaning of the…
We introduce the notion of a nest-representable tolerance and show that some results from our former paper "From congruence identities to tolerance identities" [CT] can be extended to this more general setting.
A $2$-uniform tolerance on a lattice is a compatible tolerance relation such that all of its blocks are 2-element. We characterize permuting pairs of 2-uniform tolerances on lattices of finite length. In particular, any two 2-uniform…
The main aim of the present paper is to represent an exact and simple proof for FLT by using properties of the algebra identities and linear algebra.
We present some identities dealing with reflexive and admissible relations and which, through a variety, are equivalent to congruence modularity.
Given an algebraic theory $\ct$, a homotopy $\ct$-algebra is a simplicial set where all equations from $\ct$ hold up to homotopy. All homotopy $\ct$-algebras form a homotopy variety. We give a characterization of homotopy varieties…