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Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a technique for unsupervised exploration of multi-channel data widely used in observational sciences. In its classical form, ICA relies on modeling the data as a linear mixture of non-Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-30 Pierre Ablin , Jean-François Cardoso , Alexandre Gramfort

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a computational method for separating a multivariate signal into subcomponents assuming the mutual statistical independence of the non-Gaussian source signals. The classical Independent Components…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Huy Nguyen , Rong Zheng

Recently, nonlinear ICA has surfaced as a popular alternative to the many heuristic models used in deep representation learning and disentanglement. An advantage of nonlinear ICA is that a sophisticated identifiability theory has been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-29 Hermanni Hälvä , Jonathan So , Richard E. Turner , Aapo Hyvärinen

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a classical method for recovering latent variables with useful identifiability properties. For independent variables, cumulant tensors are diagonal; relaxing independence yields tensors whose zero…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Alvaro Ribot , Anna Seigal , Piotr Zwiernik

The estimation of linear causal models (also known as structural equation models) from data is a well-known problem which has received much attention in the past. Most previous work has, however, made an explicit or implicit assumption of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Patrik O. Hoyer , Shohei Shimizu , Antti J. Kerminen

Several causal discovery algorithms have been proposed. However, when the sample size is small relative to the number of variables, the accuracy of estimating causal graphs using existing methods decreases. And some methods are not feasible…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-06 Ming Cai , Hisayuki Hara

Two types of spatiotemporal chaos exhibited by ensembles of coupled nonlinear oscillators are analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA). For diffusively coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau oscillators that exhibit smooth amplitude…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-06-13 H. Asano , H. Nakao

This paper investigates causal effect identification in latent variable Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Models (lvLiNGAM) using higher-order cumulants, addressing two prominent setups that are challenging in the presence of latent confounding:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-09 Daniele Tramontano , Yaroslav Kivva , Saber Salehkaleybar , Mathias Drton , Negar Kiyavash

As systems are getting more autonomous with the development of artificial intelligence, it is important to discover the causal knowledge from observational sensory inputs. By encoding a series of cause-effect relations between events,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yuhao Wang , Vlado Menkovski , Hao Wang , Xin Du , Mykola Pechenizkiy

We introduce a new general identifiable framework for principled disentanglement referred to as Structured Nonlinear Independent Component Analysis (SNICA). Our contribution is to extend the identifiability theory of deep generative models…

Estimating causal effects from observational data requires identifying valid adjustment sets. This task is especially challenging in realistic settings where latent confounding and feedback loops are present. Existing approaches typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ana Leticia Garcez Vicente , Gijs van Seeventer , Saber Salehkaleybar

Discovering causal structures from data is a challenging inference problem of fundamental importance in all areas of science. The appealing properties of neural networks have recently led to a surge of interest in differentiable neural…

We consider the problem of estimating a particular type of linear non-Gaussian model. Without resorting to the overcomplete Independent Component Analysis (ICA), we show that under some mild assumptions, the model is uniquely identified by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Wei Chen , Kun Zhang , Ruichu Cai , Biwei Huang , Joseph Ramsey , Zhifeng Hao , Clark Glymour

There is a gap between the theoretical foundations of disentanglement and the practice of modern representation learning. Existing theoretical frameworks, particularly Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and its nonlinear variants, assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Edmond Cunningham

Recent work on causal abstraction, in particular graphical approaches focusing on causal structure between clusters of variables, aims to summarize a high-dimensional causal structure in terms of a low-dimensional one. Existing methods for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Francisco Madaleno , Francisco C Pereira , Alex Markham

Recent advances in nonlinear Independent Component Analysis (ICA) provide a principled framework for unsupervised feature learning and disentanglement. The central idea in such works is that the latent components are assumed to be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-23 Hermanni Hälvä , Aapo Hyvärinen

In recent years, longitudinal neuroimaging study has become increasingly popular in neuroscience research to investigate disease-related changes in brain functions. In current neuroscience literature, one of the most commonly used tools to…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-07 Yikai Wang , Ying Guo

Causal discovery aims to infer causal relationships among variables from observational data, typically represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Most existing methods assume independent and identically distributed observations, an…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-27 Alex Chen , Qing Zhou

In the independent component model, the multivariate data is assumed to be a mixture of mutually independent latent components, and in independent component analysis (ICA) the aim is to estimate these latent components. In this paper we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Jari Miettinen , Markus Matilainen , Klaus Nordhausen , Sara Taskinen

Nonlinear independent component analysis (ICA) provides an appealing framework for unsupervised feature learning, but the models proposed so far are not identifiable. Here, we first propose a new intuitive principle of unsupervised deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-23 Aapo Hyvarinen , Hiroshi Morioka