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Causal discovery witnessed significant progress over the past decades. In particular, many recent causal discovery methods make use of independent, non-Gaussian noise to achieve identifiability of the causal models. Existence of hidden…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-06 Chenwei Ding , Mingming Gong , Kun Zhang , Dacheng Tao

One of the key objectives in many fields in machine learning is to discover causal relationships among a set of variables from observational data. In linear non-Gaussian acyclic models (LiNGAM), it can be shown that the true underlying…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Amirhossein Shahbazinia , Saber Salehkaleybar , Matin Hashemi

Linear non-Gaussian causal models postulate that each random variable is a linear function of parent variables and non-Gaussian exogenous error terms. We study identification of the linear coefficients when such models contain latent…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-05 Daniele Tramontano , Mathias Drton , Jalal Etesami

Finding the structure of a graphical model has been received much attention in many fields. Recently, it is reported that the non-Gaussianity of data enables us to identify the structure of a directed acyclic graph without any prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-06-28 Yoshinobu Kawahara , Kenneth Bollen , Shohei Shimizu , Takashi Washio

Estimating causal models from observational data is a crucial task in data analysis. For continuous-valued data, Shimizu et al. have proposed a linear acyclic non-Gaussian model to understand the data generating process, and have shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-19 Chao Li , Shohei Shimizu

A large amount of observational data has been accumulated in various fields in recent times, and there is a growing need to estimate the generating processes of these data. A linear non-Gaussian acyclic model (LiNGAM) based on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-08-05 Naoki Tanaka , Shohei Shimizu , Takashi Washio

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a fundamental unsupervised learning technique foruncovering latent structure in data by separating mixed signals into their independent sources. While substantial progress has been made in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yuwen Jiang

A central problem in unsupervised deep learning is how to find useful representations of high-dimensional data, sometimes called "disentanglement". Most approaches are heuristic and lack a proper theoretical foundation. In linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Aapo Hyvarinen , Ilyes Khemakhem , Hiroshi Morioka

We address the problem of distinguishing cause from effect in bivariate setting. Based on recent developments in nonlinear independent component analysis (ICA), we train nonparametrically general nonlinear causal models that allow…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-19 Pengzhou Wu , Kenji Fukumizu

Effective causal discovery is essential for learning the causal graph from observational data. The linear non-Gaussian acyclic model (LiNGAM) operates under the assumption of a linear data generating process with non-Gaussian noise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Hans Jarett J. Ong , Brian Godwin S. Lim , Renzo Roel P. Tan , Kazushi Ikeda

We address the problem of causal discovery from data, making use of the recently proposed causal modeling framework of modular structural causal models (mSCM) to handle cycles, latent confounders and non-linearities. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-31 Patrick Forré , Joris M. Mooij

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) aims to find a coordinate system in which the components of the data are independent. In this paper we construct a new nonlinear ICA model, called WICA, which obtains better and more stable results than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Andrzej Bedychaj , Przemysław Spurek , Aleksandra Nowak , Jacek Tabor

We consider the problem of learning causal models from observational data generated by linear non-Gaussian acyclic causal models with latent variables. Without considering the effect of latent variables, one usually infers wrong causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Saber Salehkaleybar , AmirEmad Ghassami , Negar Kiyavash , Kun Zhang

We investigate the task of learning causal structure in the presence of latent variables, including locating latent variables and determining their quantity, and identifying causal relationships among both latent and observed variables. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Feng Xie , Biwei Huang , Zhengming Chen , Ruichu Cai , Clark Glymour , Zhi Geng , Kun Zhang

A very important topic in systems biology is developing statistical methods that automatically find causal relations in gene regulatory networks with no prior knowledge of causal connectivity. Many methods have been developed for time…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-08-22 Shohei Shimizu

Independent component analysis (ICA) has become a standard data analysis technique applied to an array of problems in signal processing and machine learning. This tutorial provides an introduction to ICA based on linear algebra formulating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-04-14 Jonathon Shlens

Nonlinear independent component analysis (ICA) is a general framework for unsupervised representation learning, and aimed at recovering the latent variables in data. Recent practical methods perform nonlinear ICA by solving a series of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Hiroaki Sasaki , Takashi Takenouchi , Ricardo Monti , Aapo Hyvärinen

Independent component analysis (ICA) is an unsupervised learning method popular in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Group ICA has been used to search for biomarkers in neurological disorders including autism spectrum disorder…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-14 Yuxuan Zhao , David S. Matteson , Mary Beth Nebel , Stewart H. Mostofsky , Benjamin Risk

Causal discovery is a difficult problem that typically relies on strong assumptions on the data-generating model, such as non-Gaussianity. In practice, many modern applications provide multiple related views of the same system, which has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ambroise Heurtebise , Omar Chehab , Pierre Ablin , Alexandre Gramfort , Aapo Hyvärinen

In recent years, there has been growing interest in jointly analyzing a foreground dataset, representing an experimental group, and a background dataset, representing a control group. The goal of such contrastive investigations is to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Kexin Wang , Aida Maraj , Anna Seigal