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This work introduces the novel concept of kind refinement, which we develop in the context of an explicitly polymorphic ML-like language with type-level computation. Just as type refinements embed rich specifications by means of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Luís Caires , Bernardo Toninho

As a scientific programming language, Julia strives for performance but also provides high-level productivity features. To avoid performance pathologies, Julia users are expected to adhere to a coding discipline that enables so-called type…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Artem Pelenitsyn , Julia Belyakova , Benjamin Chung , Ross Tate , Jan Vitek

Creative coding requires continuous translation between evolving concepts and computational artifacts, making reflection essential yet difficult to sustain. Creators often struggle to manage ambiguous intentions, emergent outputs, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Anqi Wang , Zhengyi Li , Lan Luo , Xin Tong , Pan Hui

This is the manual of Cyan, a prototype-based object-oriented language. Cyan supports gradual typing (both static and dynamic typing), single inheritance, anonymous functions, generic prototypes with concepts, non-nullable types, partially…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-07-01 José de Oliveira Guimarães

One of the main factors driving object-oriented software development in the Web- age is the need for systems to evolve as user requirements change. A crucial factor in the creation of adaptable systems dealing with changing requirements is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-09-25 Florida Estrella , Richard McClatchey , Norbert Toth , Zsolt Kovacs , Jean-Marie Le Goff

In this essay, I present the advantages and, I dare say, the beauty of programming in a language with set-theoretic types, that is, types that include union, intersection, and negation type connectives. I show by several examples how…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Giuseppe Castagna

Dependently typed programming languages have become increasingly relevant in recent years. They have been adopted in industrial strength programming languages and have been extremely successful as the basis for theorem provers. There are…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Christophe Scholliers

Generating semantically coherent text requires a robust internal representation of linguistic structures, which traditional embedding techniques often fail to capture adequately. A novel approach, Latent Lexical Projection (LLP), is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ziad Shaker , Brendan Ashdown , Hugo Fitzalan , Alistair Heathcote , Jocasta Huntington

We present a type system and inference algorithm for a rich subset of JavaScript equipped with objects, structural subtyping, prototype inheritance, and first-class methods. The type system supports abstract and recursive objects, and is…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-10-19 Satish Chandra , Colin S. Gordon , Jean-Baptiste Jeannin , Cole Schlesinger , Manu Sridharan , Frank Tip , Youngil Choi

Strategy languages enable programmers to compose rewrite rules into strategies and control their application. This is useful in programming languages, e.g., for describing program transformations compositionally, but also in automated…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Rongxiao Fu , Ornela Dardha , Michel Steuwer

The Logic Programming through Prolog has been widely used for supply persistence in many systems that need store knowledge. Some implementations of Prolog Programming Language used for supply persistence have bidirectional interfaces with…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-05-02 José E. Zalacain Llanes

We consider a general prescriptive type system with parametric polymorphism and subtyping for logic programs. The property of subject reduction expresses the consistency of the type system w.r.t. the execution model: if a program is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Jan-Georg Smaus , Francois Fages , Pierre Deransart

Refinement types enrich a language's type system with logical predicates that circumscribe the set of values described by the type, thereby providing software developers a tunable knob with which to inform the type system about what…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Ranjit Jhala , Niki Vazou

Luau is the scripting language that powers user-generated experiences on the Roblox platform. It is a statically-typed language, based on the dynamically-typed Lua language, with type inference. These types are used for providing editor…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Lily Brown , Andy Friesen , Alan Jeffrey

We revisit occurrence typing, a technique to refine the type of variables occurring in type-cases and, thus, capturesome programming patterns used in untyped languages. Although occurrence typing was tied from its inceptionto set-theoretic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Giuseppe Castagna , Victor Lanvin , Mickaël Laurent , Kim Nguyen

We present Pirouette, a language for typed higher-order functional choreographic programming. Pirouette offers programmers the ability to write a centralized functional program and compile it via endpoint projection into programs for each…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Andrew K. Hirsch , Deepak Garg

ReScript is a strongly typed language that targets JavaScript, as an alternative to gradually typed languages, such as TypeScript. In this paper, we present a sound type system for data-flow analysis for a subset of the ReScript language,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Nicky Ask Lund , Hans Hüttel

We present a logically principled foundation for systematizing, in a way that works with any computational effect and evaluation order, SMT constraint generation seen in refinement type systems for functional programming languages. By…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Dimitrios J. Economou , Neel Krishnaswami , Jana Dunfield

We present a new type system combining occurrence typing, previously used to type check programs in dynamically-typed languages such as Racket, JavaScript, and Ruby, with dependent refinement types. We demonstrate that the addition of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-10-05 Andrew M. Kent , David Kempe , Sam Tobin-Hochstadt

Object-Z is an object-oriented specification language which extends the Z language with classes, objects, inheritance and polymorphism that can be used to represent the specification of a complex system as collections of objects. There are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-20 A. F. Al Azzawi , M. Bettaz , H. M. Al-Refai