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Related papers: Planetary evaporation by UV & X-ray radiation: bas…

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We study the H2O chemistry in star-forming environments under the influence of a central X-ray source and a central far ultraviolet (FUV) radiation field. The gas-phase water chemistry is modeled as a function of time, hydrogen density and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 P. Stauber , J. K. Jorgensen , E. F. van Dishoeck , S. D. Doty , A. O. Benz

The EUV/X-ray photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models are both capable of reproducing the bimodality in the sizes of small, close-in exoplanets observed by the \textit{Kepler} space mission, often referred to as the "radius gap".…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-08 James G. Rogers , Akash Gupta , James E. Owen , Hilke E. Schlichting

The atmospheres of close-in planets are strongly influenced by mass loss driven by the high-energy (X-ray and extreme ultraviolet, EUV) irradiation of the host star, particularly during the early stages of evolution. We recently developed a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 D. Kubyshkina , L. Fossati , A. J. Mustill , P. E. Cubillos , M. B. Davies , N. V. Erkaev , C. P. Johnstone , K. G. Kislyakova , H. Lammer , M. Lendl , P. Odert

One of the leading mechanisms invoked to explain the existence of the radius valley is atmospheric mass loss driven by X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet irradiation, with this process stripping the primordial envelopes of young, small planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-17 George W. King , Lía R. Corrales , Jorge Fernández Fernández , Peter J. Wheatley , Isaac Malsky , Ares Osborn , David Armstrong

We consider trends resulting from two formation mechanisms for short-period super-Earths: planet-planet scattering and migration. We model scenarios where these planets originate near the snow line in ``cold finger'' circumstellar disks.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Grant M. Kennedy , Scott J. Kenyon

Atmosphere escape is one key process controlling the evolution of planets. However, estimating the escape rate in any detail is difficult because there are many physical processes contributing to the total escape rate. Here we show that as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 F. Tian

A large number of terrestrial planets in the classical habitable zone of stars of different spectral types has already been discovered and many are expected to be discovered in near future. However, owing to the lack of knowledge on the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-27 Sujan Sengupta

We leverage Gaia DR2 parallactic distances to deliver new or revised estimates of planetary parameters and X-ray irradiation for a distance-limited ($\lesssim 100$ pc) sample of 27 gaseous planets (from super-Earths to hot Jupiters) with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-26 R. Spinelli , E. Gallo , F. Haardt , A. Caldiroli , F. Biassoni , F. Borsa , E. Rauscher

Short-period exoplanets can have dayside surface temperatures surpassing 2000 K, hot enough to vaporize rock and drive a thermal wind. Small enough planets evaporate completely. We construct a radiative-hydrodynamic model of atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Daniel Perez-Becker , Eugene Chiang

This is the second paper in a series where we build a self-consistent model to simulate the mass-loss process of a close-orbit magnetized giant exoplanet, so-called hot Jupiter (HJ). In this paper we generalize the hydrodynamic (HD) model…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-15 M. L. Khodachenko , I. F. Shaikhislamov , H. Lammer , P. A. Prokopov

Context. The heating efficiency is defined as the ratio of the net local gas-heating rate to the rate of stellar radiative energy absorption. It plays an important role in thermal-escape processes from the upper atmospheres of planets that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Valery I. Shematovich , Dmitry E. Ionov , Helmut Lammer

Context: Photoevaporation is an important process for protoplanetary disc dispersal but there has so far been a lack of consensus from simulations over the mass-loss rates and the most important part of the high-energy spectrum for driving…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-23 Andrew D. Sellek , Tommaso Grassi , Giovanni Picogna , Christian Rab , Cathie J. Clarke , Barbara Ercolano

The majority of the transiting planets discovered by the Kepler mission (called super-Earths here, includes the so-called 'sub-Neptunes') orbit close to their stars. As such, photoevaporation of their hydrogen envelopes etch sharp features…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-03 Yanqin Wu

Recent studies have shown that large exomoons can form in the accretion disks around super-Jovian extrasolar planets. These planets are abundant at about 1 AU from Sun-like stars, which makes their putative moons interesting for studies of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-04 Jacob Haqq-Misra , René Heller

Protoplanetary disks are thought to have lifetimes of several million years in the solar neighborhood, but recent observations suggest that the disk lifetimes are shorter in a low metallicity environment. We perform a suite of radiation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-02 Riouhei Nakatani , Takashi Hosokawa , Naoki Yoshida , Hideko Nomura , Rolf Kuiper

This article presents a review on the observations and theoretical modeling of the evaporation of extrasolar planets. The observations and the resulting constraints on the upper atmosphere (thermosphere and exosphere) of the "hot-Jupiters".…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-01-24 A. Lecavelier des Etangs

From wispy gas giants on the verge of disruption to tiny rocky bodies already falling apart, short-period exoplanets pose a severe puzzle to theories of planet formation and orbital evolution. By far most of the planets known beyond the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-29 Brian Jackson , Elisabeth Adams , René Heller , Michael Endl

Bathed in intense ionizing radiation, close-in gaseous planets undergo hydrodynamic atmospheric escape, which ejects the upper extent of their atmospheres into the interplanetary medium. Ultraviolet detections of escaping gas around…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-20 John R. McCann , Ruth A. Murray-Clay , Kaitlin Kratter , Mark R. Krumholz

We develop an idealized dynamical model to predict the typical properties of outer extrasolar planetary systems, at radii beyond 5 AU. Our hypothesis is that dynamical evolution in outer planetary systems is controlled by a combination of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Sean N. Raymond , Philip J. Armitage , Noel Gorelick

The planets of the Solar System divide neatly between those with atmospheres and those without when arranged by insolation ($I$) and escape velocity ($v_{\mathrm{esc}}$). The dividing line goes as $I \propto v_{\mathrm{esc}}^4$. Exoplanets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-17 Kevin J. Zahnle , David C. Catling