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Related papers: Planetary evaporation by UV & X-ray radiation: bas…

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Atmospheric mass-loss is known to play a leading role in sculpting the demographics of small, close-in exoplanets. Knowledge of how such planets evolve allows one to ``rewind the clock'' to infer the conditions in which they formed. Here,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-15 James G. Rogers , Clàudia Janó Muñoz , James E. Owen , T. Lucas Makinen

While it may seem counterintuitive that X-ray astronomy should give any insights into low-temperature planetary systems, planets orbit stars whose magnetized surfaces divert a small fraction of the stellar energy into high energy products:…

Protoplanetary discs are thought to evolve either through angular momentum transport driven by viscous processes or through angular momentum removal induced by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) winds. One proposed method to distinguish between…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-20 Giulia Ballabio , James E. Owen

The radius of an exoplanet may be affected by various factors, including irradiation, planet mass and heavy element content. A significant number of transiting exoplanets have now been discovered for which the mass, radius, semi-major axis,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 B. Enoch , A. Collier Cameron , K. Horne

Context. The detection of the He I 10830 A triplet in exoplanet atmospheres has opened a new window for probing planetary properties, including atmospheric escape. Unlike Lyman alpha, the triplet is less affected by ISM absorption.…

We investigate the evaporation of close-by pulsar companions, such as planets, asteroids, and white dwarfs, by induction heating. Assuming that the outflow energy is dominated by a Poynting flux (or pulsar wave) at the location of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-27 Kumiko Kotera , Fabrice Mottez , Guillaume Voisin , Jean Heyvaerts

During the post-main sequence phase of stellar evolution the orbital distance of the habitable zone, which allows for liquid surface water on terrestrial planets, moves out past the system's original frost line, providing an opportunity for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-25 Thea Kozakis , Lisa Kaltenegger

Protoplanetary disks dissipate rapidly after the central star forms, on time-scales comparable to those inferred for planet formation. In order to allow the formation of planets, disks must survive the dispersive effects of UV and X-ray…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-24 U. Gorti , R. Liseau , Zs. Sandor , C. Clarke

We analyse N-body simulations of star-forming regions to investigate the effects of external far and extreme ultra-violet photoevaporation from massive stars on protoplanetary discs. By varying the initial conditions of simulated…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-04-10 Rhana B. Nicholson , Richard J. Parker , Ross P. Church , Melvyn B. Davies , Niamh M. Fearon , Sam R. J. Walton

We show that photoevaporation of small gaseous exoplanets ("mini-Neptunes") in the habitable zones of M dwarfs can remove several Earth masses of hydrogen and helium from these planets and transform them into potentially habitable worlds.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-28 Rodrigo Luger , Rory Barnes , Eric Lopez , Jonathan Fortney , Brian Jackson , Victoria Meadows

The recently discovered low-density "super-Earths" Kepler-11b, Kepler-11f, Kepler-11d, Kepler-11e, and planets such as GJ 1214b represent most likely planets which are surrounded by dense H/He envelopes or contain deep H2O oceans also…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 N. V. Erkaev , H. Lammer , P. Odert , Yu. N. Kulikov , K. G. Kislyakova , M. L. Khodachenko , M. Güdel , A. Hanslmeier , H. Biernat

High-energy irradiation of exoplanets has been identified to be a key influence on the stability of these planets' atmospheres. So far, irradiation-driven mass-loss has been observed only in two Hot Jupiters, and the observational data…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 K. Poppenhaeger , S. Czesla , S. Schröter , S. Lalitha , V. Kashyap , J. H. M. M. Schmitt

When exposed to the high energy X-ray and ultraviolet radiation of a very active star, water vapor in the upper atmospheres of planets can be photodissociated and rapidly lost to space. In this paper, I study the chemical, thermal, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-26 Colin P. Johnstone

The internal thermal and magnetic evolution of rocky exoplanets is critical to their habitability. We focus on the thermal-orbital evolution of Earth-mass planets around low mass M stars whose radiative habitable zone overlaps with the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-25 Peter Driscoll , Rory Barnes

Correct estimates of stellar extreme ultraviolet (EUV; 100 - 1170 \AA) flux are important for studying the photochemistry and stability of exoplanet atmospheres, as EUV radiation ionizes hydrogen and contributes to the heating, expansion,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Sarah Peacock , Travis Barman , Evgenya Shkolnik , Peter Hauschildt , E. Baron , Birgit Fuhrmeister

A gap in exoplanets' radius distribution has been widely attributed to the photo-evaporation threshold of their progenitors' gaseous envelope. Giant impacts can also lead to substantial mass-loss. The outflowing gas endures tidal torque…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-05 S. Wang , D. N. C. Lin

Short-period exoplanets potentially lose envelope masses during their evolution because of atmospheric escape caused by the intense XUV radiation from their host stars. We develop a combined model of atmospheric mass loss calculation and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Hiroyuki Kurokawa , Lisa Kaltenegger

Strong ionization on close-in extrasolar giant planets suggests that their atmospheres may be affected by ion drag and resistive heating arising from wind-driven electrodynamics. Recent models of ion drag on these planets, however, are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 T. T. Koskinen , R. V. Yelle , P. Lavvas , J. Y-K. Cho

We use an end-to-end model of planet formation, thermodynamic evolution, and atmospheric escape to investigate how the statistical imprints of evaporation depend on the bulk composition of planetary cores (rocky vs. icy). We find that the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-14 Sheng Jin , Christoph Mordasini

Stellar XUV (X-ray and extreme ultraviolet) emission drives the heating and chemical reactions in planetary atmospheres and protoplanetary disks, and therefore, a proper estimation of a stellar XUV spectrum is required for their studies.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-13 Munehito Shoda , Kosuke Namekata , Shinsuke Takasao