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I review a new (and still tentative) approach to black hole thermodynamics that seeks to explain black hole entropy in terms of microscopic quantum gravitational boundary states induced on the black hole horizon.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 S. Carlip

In gravitational thermodynamics, the origin of a black hole's entropy is the topology of its instanton or constrained instanton. We prove that the entropy of an arbitrary nonrotating black hole is one quarter the sum of the products of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Zhong Chao Wu

In a recent paper [Entropy 2020, 22(1), 17] C. Tsallis states that entropy -- as in Shannon's or Kullback-Leiber's definitions -- is inadequate to interpret black hole entropy and suggests that a new non-additive functional should take the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-23 Pedro Pessoa , Bruno Arderucio Costa

The thermodynamic inconsistency observed in regular black holes is resolved through the framework of reduced thermodynamic phase spaces. We demonstrate that regular black holes are essentially induced from singular black holes by adding an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-15 Meng-Sen Ma , Huai-Fan Li , Jian-Hua Shi

Not only is the Bekenstein expression for the entropy of a black hole a convex function of the energy, rather than being a concave function as it must be, it predicts a final equilibrium temperature given by the harmonic mean. This violates…

General Physics · Physics 2012-06-05 B. H. Lavenda

In this paper, we examine the effects of space noncommutativity on the thermodynamics of a Bardeen charged regular black hole. For a suitable choice of sets of parameters, the behavior of the singularity, horizon, mass function, black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-30 M. Sharif , Wajiha Javed

The entropy of extremal black holes (BHs) is obtained using a continuity argument from extremal quasiblack holes (QBHs). It is shown that there exists a smooth limiting transition in which (i) the system boundary approaches the extremal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-25 José P. S. Lemos , Oleg B. Zaslavskii

In this paper, we discuss the effect of small statistical thermal fluctuations around the equilibrium on the thermodynamics of small non-rotating BTZ black hole. This is done by evaluating the leading-order corrections to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-23 Nadeem-ul-islam , Prince A. Ganai , Sudhaker Upadhyay

We calculate the intrinsic entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole in an asymptotically antide Sitter space. The statistical calculation of the entropy is based on a model for particle structure that leads to confinement. The constituents of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-15 Moorad Alexanian

The fundamental equation of the thermodynamic system gives the relation between internal energy, entropy and volume of two adjacent equilibrium states. Taking higher dimensional charged Gauss-Bonnet black hole in de Sitter space as a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-09 Xiong-Ying Guo , Huai-Fan Li , Li-Chun Zhang

For normal thermodynamic systems superadditivity $\S$, homogeneity $\H$ and concavity $\C$ of the entropy hold, whereas for $(3+1)$-dimensional black holes the latter two properties are violated. We show that $(1+1)$-dimensional black holes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 P. T. Landsberg , R. B. Mann

We consider the generalized laws of thermodynamics in massive gravity. Making use of explicit black hole solutions, we devise black hole merger processes in which i) total entropy of the system decreases ii) the zero-temperature extremal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-19 Fabio Capela , Peter G. Tinyakov

In this paper, we consider the effect of thermal fluctuations on the entropy of both neutral and charged black holes. We emphasize the distinction between fixed and fluctuating charge systems; using a canonical ensemble to describe the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Gilad Gour , A. J. M. Medved

We present a unified thermodynamical description of the configurations consisting on self-gravitating radiation with or without a black hole. We compute the thermal fluctuations and evaluate where will they induce a transition from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Renaud Parentani , Joseph Katz , Isao Okamoto

When a black hole is put in an "empty" space (zero temperature space) on which there is no matter except the matter of the Hawking radiation (Hawking field), then an outgoing energy flow from the black hole into the empty space exists. By…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Hiromi Saida

The aim of this work is to study the role of relative entropy in the thermodynamics of black holes and cosmological horizons. We adapt some recent results on the relative entropy of coherent excitations of the vacuum, to find the variation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-06 Edoardo D'Angelo

In reference [1] we considered the black hole thermodynamics with the non-extensive entropy. This entropy obeys the composition rule which coincides with the composition rule in the non-extensive Tsallis-Cirto $\delta=2$ statistics. Here we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-31 G. E. Volovik

Black hole entropy is derived from a sum over boundary states. The boundary states are labeled by energy and momentum surface densities, and parametrized by the boundary metric. The sum over state labels is expressed as a functional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 David Brown

Two thermodynamic "paradoxes" of black hole physics are re-examined. The first is that there is a thermal instability involving two coupled blackbody cavities containing two black holes, and second is that a classical black hole can swallow…

General Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 R. Y. Chiao

We discuss that the thermodynamics of composite systems with non-additive entropies and additive energies can be equivalently derived considering additive entropies and non-additive energies. The general discussion is illustrated by a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ramandeep S. Johal , Antoni Planes , Eduard Vives