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We present in this paper a new method to deal with automatic sequences. This method allows us to prove a M\"obius-randomness-principle for automatic sequences from which we deduce the Sarnak conjecture for this class of sequences.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-21 Clemens Müllner

We suggest other models of sieve generated sequences like the Sieve of Eratosthenes to explain randomness properties of the prime numbers, like the twin prime conjecture, the lim sup conjecture, the Riemann conjecture, and the prime number…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-06 Leonard E. Baum

We define a class of computable functions over real numbers using functional schemes similar to the class of primitive and partial recursive functions defined by G\"odel and Kleene. We show that this class of functions can also be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Keng Meng Ng , Nazanin R. Tavana , Yue Yang

The notion of probability plays an important role in almost all areas of science and technology. In modern mathematics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure theory, and the operational characterization of the notion…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-09 Kohtaro Tadaki

The stochastic theory of relativistic quantum mechanics presented here is modelled on the one that has been proposed previously and that was claimed to be a promising substitute to the orthodox theory in the non-relativistic domain. So it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-09 Maurice Godart

Since human randomness production has been studied and widely used to assess executive functions (especially inhibition), many measures have been suggested to assess the degree to which a sequence is random-like. However, each of them…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-12-10 Nicolas Gauvrit , Hector Zenil , Jean-Paul Delahaye , Fernando Soler-Toscano

We characterize some major algorithmic randomness notions via differentiability of effective functions. (1) As the main result we show that a real number z in [0,1] is computably random if and only if each nondecreasing computable function…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-12-10 Vasco Brattka , Joseph S. Miller , André Nies

The prime numbers look like a randomly chosen sequence of natural numbers, but there is still no strict theory to determine 'Randomness'. In these years, cryptography has developed a battery of statistical tests for randomness. In this…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-02-19 Wang Liang , Huang Yan

The notion of probability plays an important role in almost all areas of science and technology. In modern mathematics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure theory, and the operational characterization of the notion…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-17 Kohtaro Tadaki

Current discrete randomness and information conservation inequalities are over total recursive functions, i.e. restricted to deterministic processing. This restriction implies that an algorithm can break algorithmic randomness conservation…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-10-15 Samuel Epstein

We introduce a framework uniting algorithmic randomness with exchangeable credences to address foundational questions in philosophy of probability and philosophy of science. To demonstrate its power, we show how one might use the framework…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Jeffrey A. Barrett , Eddy Keming Chen

The consistent histories formulation of the quantum theory of a closed system with pure initial state defines an infinite number of incompatible consistent sets, each of which gives a possible description of the physics. We investigate the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-04 Adrian Kent , Jim McElwaine

In algorithmic randomness, when one wants to define a randomness notion with respect to some non-computable measure $\lambda $, a choice needs to be made. One approach is to allow randomness tests to access the measure $\lambda $ as an…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-08-14 Bjørn Kjos-Hanssen , Antoine Taveneaux , Neil Thapen

Natural selection explains how life has evolved over millions of years from more primitive forms. The speed at which this happens, however, has sometimes defied formal explanations when based on random (uniformly distributed) mutations.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Santiago Hernández-Orozco , Narsis A. Kiani , Hector Zenil

Stability is a central property in learning and statistics promising the output of an algorithm $A$ does not change substantially when applied to similar datasets $S$ and $S'$. It is an elementary fact that any sufficiently stable algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Max Hopkins , Shay Moran

In this survey we summarize properties of pseudorandomness and non-randomness of some number-theoretic sequences and present results on their behaviour under the following measures of pseudorandomness: balance, linear complexity,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-22 Arne Winterhof

We study algorithmic randomness and monotone complexity on product of the set of infinite binary sequences. We explore the following problems: monotone complexity on product space, Lambalgen's theorem for correlated probability,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-06-29 Hayato Takahashi

Algorithmic statistics considers the following problem: given a binary string $x$ (e.g., some experimental data), find a "good" explanation of this data. It uses algorithmic information theory to define formally what is a good explanation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Alexey Milovanov

We develop a correspondence between the theory of sequential algorithms and classical reasoning, via Kreisel's no-counterexample interpretation. Our framework views realizers of the no-counterexample interpretation as dynamic processes…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Thomas Powell

This article is a brief personal account of the past, present, and future of algorithmic randomness, emphasizing its role in inductive inference and artificial intelligence. It is written for a general audience interested in science and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-02-10 Marcus Hutter