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The long-term evolution of epidemic processes depends crucially on the structure of contact networks. As empirical evidence indicates that human populations exhibit strong community organization, we investigate here how such mesoscopic…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-11-09 T. Jesan , Chandrashekar Kuyyamudi , Sitabhra Sinha

This paper continues our previous study on spreading processes in inhomogeneous populations consisting of susceptible and immune individuals [V. Blavatska, Yu. Holovatch, Physica A 573, 125980 (2021)]. A special role in such populations is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-03-21 V. Blavatska , Yu. Holovatch

This paper analyses the optimal control of infectious disease propagation using a classic susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model characterised by permanent immunity and the absence of available vaccines. The control is performed over a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-12 Rocío Balderrama , Mariana Inés Prieto , Constanza Sánchez de la Vega , Federico Vazquez

To contain the propagation of emerging diseases that are transmissible from human to human, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) aimed at reducing the interactions between humans are usually implemented. One example of the latter kind of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-05-21 Paulo Cesar Ventura , Alberto Aleta , Francisco Aparecido Rodrigues , Yamir Moreno

We consider a population that experienced a first wave of infections, interrupted by strong, top-down, governmental restrictions and did not develop a significant immunity to prevent a second wave (i.e. resurgence). As restrictions are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-07-21 Nicolò Gozzi , Martina Scudeler , Daniela Paolotti , Andrea Baronchelli , Nicola Perra

Models for control of epidemics on local, global and small-world networks are considered, with only partial information accessible about the status of individuals and their connections. The main goal of an effective control measure is to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Kleczkowski , B. Dybiec , C. A. Gilligan

The spontaneous behavioral changes of the agents during an epidemic can have significant effects on the delay and the prevalence of its spread. In this work, we study a social distancing game among the agents of a population, who determine…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-13 A. -R. Lagos , I. Kordonis , G. P. Papavassilopoulos

The design of an efficient curing policy, able to stem an epidemic process at an affordable cost, has to account for the structure of the population contact network supporting the contagious process. Thus, we tackle the problem of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-04 Stefania Ottaviano , Francesco De Pellegrini , Stefano Bonaccorsi , Piet Van Mieghem

Network-based interventions against epidemic spread are most powerful when the full network structure is known. However, in practice, resource constraints require decisions to be made based on partial network information. We investigated…

Applications · Statistics 2019-03-19 Yingrui Yang , Ashley McKhann , Sixing Chen , Guy Harling , Jukka-Pekka Onnela

We demonstrate that the epidemic renormalisation group approach to pandemics provides an effective and simple way to investigate the dynamics of disease transmission and spreading across different regions of the world. The framework also…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-05-12 Giacomo Cacciapaglia , Francesco Sannino

Social distancing strategies have been adopted by governments to manage the COVID-19 pandemic, since the first outbreak began. However, further epidemic waves keep out the return of economic and social activities to their standard levels of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-07 J. E. Sereno , A. D' Jorge , A. Ferramosca , E. A. Hernandez-Vargas , A. H. Gonzalez

In this paper, we present a discrete-time networked SEIR model using population flow, its derivation, and assumptions under which this model is well defined. We identify properties of the system's equilibria, namely the healthy states. We…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-16 Brooks Butler , Ciyuan Zhang , Ian Walter , Nishant Nair , Raphael Stern , Philip E. Paré

Effective epidemic control is crucial for mitigating the spread of infectious diseases, particularly when pharmaceutical interventions such as vaccines or treatments are limited. Non-pharmaceutical strategies, including mobility…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-03 Deborah Volpe , Giacomo Orlandi , Mattia Boggio , Carlo Novara , Lorenzo Zino , Giovanna Turvani

Optimal control of interdependent epidemics spreading over complex networks is a critical issue. We first establish a framework to capture the coupling between two epidemics, and then analyze the system's equilibrium states by categorizing…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-10-19 Juntao Chen , Rui Zhang , Quanyan Zhu

Incorporating decision-making dynamics during an outbreak poses a challenge for epidemiology, faced by several modeling approaches siloed by different disciplines. We propose an epi-economic model where high-frequency choices of individuals…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-31 Lorenzo Amir Nemati Fard , Alberto Bisin , Michele Starnini , Michele Tizzoni

Infectious disease superspreading caused by heterogeneity in contact behavior has been observed to be an important determinant of epidemic dynamics and size in both empirical and theoretical settings. However, it has also been observed that…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-27 Ari S. Freedman , Bjarke F. Nielsen , Maximillian M. Nguyen , Laurent Hébert-Dufresne , Simon A. Levin

The topic of finding effective strategy to halt virus in complex network is of current interest. We propose an immunization strategy for seasonal epidemics that occur periodically. Based on the local information of the infection status from…

Applications · Statistics 2015-06-22 Shu Yan , Shaoting Tang , Sen Pei , Shijin Jiang , Zhiming Zheng

During contagion phenomena, individuals perceiving a risk of infection commonly adapt their behavior and reduce their exposure. The effects of such adaptive mechanisms have been studied for processes in which pairwise interactions drive…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-12 Marco Mancastroppa , Márton Karsai , Alain Barrat

There is a rich history of models for the interaction of a biological contagion like influenza with the spread of related information such as an influenza vaccination campaign. Recent work on the spread of interacting contagions on networks…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-09-02 Laurent Hébert-Dufresne , Dina Mistry , Benjamin M. Althouse

We present a detailed analytical and numerical study for the spreading of infections in complex population networks with acquired immunity. We show that the large connectivity fluctuations usually found in these networks strengthen…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Yamir Moreno , Romualdo Pastor-Satorras , Alessandro Vespignani