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A card-based secure computation protocol is a method for $n$ parties to compute a function $f$ on their private inputs $(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ using physical playing cards, in such a way that the suits of revealed cards leak no information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Reo Eriguchi , Kazumasa Shinagawa

We investigate the $k$-cycle shuffle on repeated cards, namely on a deck consisting of $l$ identical copies of each of $m$ card types, with total size $n=ml$. We establish asymptotic results for the total variation mixing of this shuffle,…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Jiahe Shen

Frequently, randomly organized data is needed to avoid an anomalous operation of other algorithms and computational processes. An analogy is that a deck of cards is ordered within the pack, but before a game of poker or solitaire the deck…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-11-24 William F. Gilreath

In this paper, we study some cards shuffles which are used by magicians. We focus ourselves on the possibility to hit eventually the initial state after several shuffles. This is a classical problem arising in discrete dynamical systems.…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2011-08-15 Aimé Lachal

Federated learning promises to make machine learning feasible on distributed, private datasets by implementing gradient descent using secure aggregation methods. The idea is to compute a global weight update without revealing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Badih Ghazi , Rasmus Pagh , Ameya Velingker

We consider a card guessing game with complete feedback. An ordered deck of $n$ cards labeled $1$ up to $n$ is shelf-shuffled exactly one time. One after the other a single card is drawn from the shuffled deck. The guesser makes has guess…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Markus Kuba

An important feature of data collection frameworks, in which voluntary participants are involved, is that of privacy. Besides data encryption, which protects the data from third parties in case the communication channel is compromised,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Marios Fanourakis

By a well-known result of Bayer and Diaconis, the maximum entropy model of the common riffle shuffle implies that the number of riffle shuffles necessary to mix a standard deck of 52 cards is either 7 or 11--with the former number applying…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mark Conger , D. Viswanath

Motivated by recent developments in the shuffle model of differential privacy, we propose a new approximate shuffling functionality called Alternating Shuffle, and provide a protocol implementing alternating shuffling in a single-server…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Borja Balle , James Bell , Adrià Gascón

Consider the following one player game. A deck containing $m$ copies of $n$ different card types is shuffled uniformly at random. Each round the player tries to guess the next card in the deck, and then the card is revealed and discarded.…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Sam Spiro

The thesis consider the mixing of few (3-4) card shuffling as well as of large (52 card) deck. The thesis is showing the limit on the shuffling to homogeneity elaborated in short program; the thesis is in italian.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-07-28 Benjamin Isac Fargion

We show that for any semi-random transposition shuffle on $n$ cards, the mixing time of any given $k$ cards is at most $n\log k$, provided $k=o((n/\log n)^{1/2})$. In the case of the top-to-random transposition shuffle we show that there is…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-02-12 Richard Pymar

We introduce the concurrent shuffle model of differential privacy. In this model we have multiple concurrent shufflers permuting messages from different, possibly overlapping, batches of users. Similarly to the standard (single) shuffle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Jay Tenenbaum , Haim Kaplan , Yishay Mansour , Uri Stemmer

Consider a randomly shuffled deck of $2n$ cards with $n$ red cards and $n$ black cards. We study the average number of moves it takes to go from a randomly shuffled deck to a deck that alternates in color by performing the following move:…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-09 Joel Brewster Lewis , Mehr Rai

In the cyclic-to-random shuffle, we are given n cards arranged in a circle. At step k, we exchange the k'th card along the circle with a uniformly chosen random card. The problem of determining the mixing time of the cyclic-to-random…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Elchanan Mossel , Yuval Peres , Alistair Sinclair

We study how many riffle shuffles are required to mix n cards if only certain features of the deck are of interest, e.g. suits disregarded or only the colors of interest. For these features, the number of shuffles drops from 3/2 log_2(n) to…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-05 Sami Assaf , Persi Diaconis , K. Soundararajan

The problem of anonymous networking when an eavesdropper observes packet timings in a communication network is considered. The goal is to hide the identities of source-destination nodes, and paths of information flow in the network. One way…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-11-14 J. Ghaderi , R. Srikant

We consider a problem, which we call secure grouping, of dividing a number of parties into some subsets (groups) in the following manner: Each party has to know the other members of his/her group, while he/she may not know anything about…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Yuji Hashimoto , Kazumasa Shinagawa , Koji Nuida , Masaki Inamura , Goichiro Hanaoka

Consider a permutation $\sigma\in S_n$ as a deck of cards numbered from 1 to $n$ and laid out in a row, where $\sigma_j$ denotes the number of the card that is in the $j$-th position from the left.\rm\ We study some probabilistic and…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-10 Ross G. Pinsky

We introduce the swap-or-not shuffle and show that the technique gives rise to a new method to convert a pseudorandom function (PRF) into a pseudorandom permutation (PRP) (or, alternatively, to directly build a confusion/diffusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-11-24 Viet Tung Hoang , Ben Morris , Phillip Rogaway