Related papers: Are insight problems really different from noninsi…
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) are generally characterized and distinguished by the width of the transparency created in the absorption profile of a weak probe in presence of a strong…
Visual decoding from electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a highly promising avenue for non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Existing EEG-based decoding methods predominantly align brain signals with the final-layer…
This paper compares statistical experiments in discounted problems, ranging from the simplest ones where the state is fixed and the flow of information exogenous to more complex ones, where the decision-maker controls the flow of…
People suffering from hearing impairment often have difficulties participating in conversations in so-called `cocktail party' scenarios with multiple people talking simultaneously. Although advanced algorithms exist to suppress background…
Optimizing recommender systems based on user interaction data is mainly seen as a problem of dealing with selection bias, where most existing work assumes that interactions from different users are independent. However, it has been shown…
The electroencephalogram (EEG) offers a non-invasive means by which a listener's auditory system may be monitored during continuous speech perception. Reliable auditory-EEG decoders could facilitate the objective diagnosis of hearing…
Electroencephalography (EEG) signal based intent recognition has recently attracted much attention in both academia and industries, due to helping the elderly or motor-disabled people controlling smart devices to communicate with outer…
In classical mechanics and electromagnetism, interference occurs when two or more waves overlap at the same point in spacetime. However, the advent of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and its remarkable success in describing light-matter…
Patients suffering from pulmonary diseases typically exhibit pathological lung ventilation in terms of homogeneity. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive imaging method that allows to analyze and quantify the distribution…
We propose utilizing entropy as a diagnostic tool to distinguish between constant and dynamical dark energy models. Entropy, a measure of the system's disorder or information content, captures the complexity and evolution of the universe.…
Individuals have an intuitive perception of what makes a good coincidence. Though the sensitivity to coincidences has often been presented as resulting from an erroneous assessment of probability, it appears to be a genuine competence,…
In this paper, we investigate how to measure the intelligence of systems under specific structures. Two indicators are adopted to characterize the intelligence of a given structure, namely the function diversity of the structure, and the…
The ``Gibbs Paradox'' refers to several related questions concerning entropy in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics: whether it is an extensive quantity or not, how it changes when identical particles are mixed, and the proper way to…
Much artificial intelligence research focuses on the problem of deducing the validity of unobservable propositions or hypotheses from observable evidence.! Many of the knowledge representation techniques designed for this problem encode the…
Identifying the origin of nonequilibrium characteristics in a generic interacting system having multiple degrees of freedom is a challenging task. In this context, information theoretic measures such as mutual information and related…
In this paper, we aimed at reviewing present literature on employing nonlinear analysis in combination with machine learning methods, in depression detection or prediction task. We are focusing on an affordable data-driven approach,…
Herein, we study an inverse problem for detecting unknown obstacles by the enclosure method using the Dirichlet--to--Neumann map for measurements. We justify the method for an penetrable obstacle case involving a biharmonic equation. We use…
Consider the day when an invariant mass peak, roughly compatible with "the Higgs", begins to emerge, say at the LHC, ... and may you see that day. There will be a difference between discovery and scrutiny. The latter would involve an effort…
Developments in machine learning and computing power suggest that artificial general intelligence is within reach. This raises the question of artificial consciousness: if a computer were to be functionally equivalent to a human, being able…
The "easy" problem of cognitive science is explaining how and why we can do what we can do. The "hard" problem is explaining how and why we feel. Turing's methodology for cognitive science (the Turing Test) is based on doing: Design a model…