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Calculations of the opacity of hot, dense matter require models for plasma line broadening. However, the most general theories are too complex to calculate directly and some approximation is inevitably required. The most widely-used…
Theory of laser-assisted photoemission from solids is developed for a numerically exactly solvable model with full inclusion of band structure effects. The strong lattice scattering in the vicinity of band gaps leads to a distortion and a…
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle tells us that it is impossible to determine simultaneously the position of a photon crossing a telescope's aperture and its momentum. Super-resolution imaging techniques rely on modification of the…
Several graphical representations of the mass and width spectrum of unstable subatomic particles are presented. Such plots are useful tools for introducing students to the particle zoo and provide students an alternate way to organize…
We will discuss the link between scientific explanations and probabilities, specially in relationship with statistical mechanics and the derivation of macroscopic laws from microscopic ones.
Being a task of establishing spatial correspondences, medical image registration is often formalized as finding the optimal transformation that best aligns two images. Since the transformation is such an essential component of registration,…
The distance of a binary operation from being associative can be "measured" by its associative spectrum, an appropriate sequence of positive integers. Particular instances and general properties of associative spectra are studied.
In a macroscopic realm, in which photons are too many for being counted by any photon counting detector, photon statistics can be measured by using detectors simply endowed with linear response. We insert one of such detectors in a…
We investigate variability overweighting, a previously undocumented bias in line graphs, where estimates of average value are biased toward areas of higher variability in that line. We found this effect across two preregistered experiments…
Uncertainty relations for particle motion in curved spaces are discussed. The relations are shown to be topologically invariant. New coordinate system on a sphere appropriate to the problem is proposed. The case of a sphere is considered in…
We present a general approach to visualizing uncertainty in static 2-D statistical graphics. If we treat a visualization as a function of its underlying quantities, uncertainty in those quantities induces a distribution over images. We show…
I discuss the issue of uncertainties in parton distributions and in the physical quantities which are determined in terms of them. While there has been significant progress on the uncertainties associated with errors on experimental data,…
Model uncertainties and simulation uncertainties occur in mathematical modeling of multiscale complex systems, since some mechanisms or scales are not represented (i.e., "unresolved") due to lack in our understanding of these mechanisms or…
In this article we propose a method of performing arithmetic operations on varia-bles with unknown distribution. The approach to the evaluation results of arithme-tic operations can select probability intervals of the algebraic equations…
Recent methodological advances are enabling better examination of speciation and extinction processes and patterns. A major open question is the origin of large discrepancies in species number between groups of the same age. Existing…
Under some assumptions, an analytic expression for the transmission spectrum can be obtained, which can form the basis of atmospheric retrievals and allows insight on the degeneracies involved. In this Research Note we present an…
We derive new inequalities for the probabilities of projective measurements in mutually unbiased bases of a qudit system. These inequalities lead to wider ranges of validity and tighter bounds on entropic uncertainty inequalities previously…
We discuss the transformation of observed photometry into flux for the creation of spectral energy distributions and the computation of bolometric luminosities. We do this in the context of supernova studies, particularly as observed with…
We present a complete statistical analysis of quantum optical measurement schemes based on photodetection. Statistical distributions of quantum observables determined from a finite number of experimental runs are characterized with the help…
As animals interact with their environments, they must infer properties of their surroundings. Some animals, including humans, can represent uncertainty about those properties. But when, if ever, do they use probability distributions to…