Related papers: Statistical Uncertainty in Line Shift and Width In…
The flux/transmission power spectrum has become a popular statistical tool in studies of the high redshift ($z > 2$) Lyman-alpha forest. At low redshifts, where the forest has thinned out into a series of well-isolated absorption lines, the…
We use a Bayesian approach to derive the distance probability distribution for one object from its parallax with measurement uncertainty for two spatial distribution priors, viz. a homogeneous spherical distribution and a galactocentric…
After a derivation of the quantum Bayes theorem, and a discussion of the reconstruction of the unknown state of identical spin systems by repeated measurements, the main part of this paper treats the problem of determining the unknown phase…
The subtraction or addition of a prescribed number of photons to a field mode does not, in general, simply shift the probability distribution by the number of subtracted or added photons. Subtraction of a photon from an initial coherent…
Location information is often used as a proxy to infer the performance of a wireless communication link. Using a very simple model, this letter unveils a basic statistical relation between the location estimation uncertainty and wireless…
Light diffusion is usually associated with thick, opaque media. Indeed, multiple scattering is necessary for the onset of the diffusive regime and such condition is generally not met in almost transparent media. Nonetheless, at long enough…
We theoretically investigate the quantum uncertainty in the beam width of transverse optical modes and, for this purpose, define a corresponding quantum operator. Single mode states are studied as well as multimode states with small quantum…
Studies of the distribution and evolution of galaxies are of fundamental importance to modern cosmology; these studies, however, are hampered by the complexity of the competing effects of spectral and density evolution. Constructing a…
A survey on the generalizations of Heisenberg uncertainty relation and a general scheme for their entangled extensions to several states and observables is presented. The scheme is illustrated on the examples of one and two states and…
A model of Lorentz invariant random fluctuations in photon polarization is presented. The effects are frequency dependent and affect the polarization of photons as they propagate through space. We test for this effect by confronting the…
A photon source is located in a rotating waveguide. An absorber with a sharp absorbing frequency absorbs some of the emitted photons. This decreases the number of photons which are detected by a detector. The frequency (energy) spectrum…
Unsharp spin observables are shown to arise from the fact that a residual uncertainty about the actual alignment of the measurement device remains. If the uncertainty is below a certain level, and if the distribution misalignments is…
We consider the problem of determining amplitudes from observables for the case of pseudoscalar meson photoproduction. We find a number of surprisingly simple constraints which give necessary conditions for a complete set of measurements.…
The effect of density fluctuations upon light propagation is calculated perturbatively in a matter dominated irrotational universe. The starting point is the perturbed metric (second order in the perturbation strength), while the output is…
It has been suggested that the uncertainty in the measurement of a particle's momentum could be made arbitrarily small by observing the particle at two ends of an arbitrarily long flight path. However, consideration of the nature of the…
This paper examines the quantities used by MYCIN to reason with uncertainty, called certainty factors. It is shown that the original definition of certainty factors is inconsistent with the functions used in MYCIN to combine the quantities.…
Distances play important roles in cosmological observations, especially in gravitational lens systems, but there is a problem in determining distances because they are defined in terms of light propagation, which is influenced…
Supervised machine learning and predictive models have achieved an impressive standard today, enabling us to answer questions that were inconceivable a few years ago. Besides these successes, it becomes clear, that beyond pure prediction,…
Many important computer vision applications are naturally formulated as regression problems. Within medical imaging, accurate regression models have the potential to automate various tasks, helping to lower costs and improve patient…
Working by analogy, we use the description of light fluctuations due to random collisions of the radiating atoms to figure out why the reduction of the coherence for light propagating a cosmological distance in the fluctuating background…