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Related papers: Probabilistic Zero Forcing in Graphs

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A gain graph is a graph whose edges are labelled invertibly by "gains" from a group. "Switching" is a transformation of gain graphs that generalizes conjugation in a group. A "weak chromatic function" of gain graphs with gains in a fixed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-01-26 Pascal Berthome , Raul Cordovil , David Forge , Veronique Ventos , Thomas Zaslavsky

A forcing set for a perfect matching of a graph is defined as a subset of the edges of that perfect matching such that there exists a unique perfect matching containing it. A complete forcing set for a graph is a subset of its edges, such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-27 Javad B. Ebrahimi , Aref Nemayande , Elahe Tohidi

Zero forcing parameters, associated with graphs, have been studied for over a decade, and have gained popularity as the number of related applications grows. In particular, it is well-known that such parameters are related to certain vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-01 Shaun Fallat , Karen Meagher , Abolghasem Soltani , Boting Yang

In this paper we compare the brushing number of a graph with the zero-forcing number of its line graph. We prove that the zero-forcing number of the line graph is an upper bound for the brushing number by constructing a brush configuration…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Aras Erzurumluoglu , David Pike , Karen Meagher

For an $n$-vertex graph $G$, let $z(G;k)$ denote the number of zero forcing sets of size $k$. A conjecture of Boyer et al. asserts that the path $P_n$ maximizes these numbers coefficientwise among all $n$-vertex graphs; equivalently, the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Samuel German

This article studies the \emph{$k$-forcing number} for oriented graphs, generalizing both the \emph{zero forcing number} for directed graphs and the $k$-forcing number for simple graphs. In particular, given a simple graph $G$, we introduce…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-12 Yair Caro , Randy Davila , Ryan Pepper

A zero forcing set is a set $S$ of vertices of a graph $G$, called forced vertices of $G$, which are able to force the entire graph by applying the following process iteratively: At any particular instance of time, if any forced vertex has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Jessy Sujana G. , T. M. Rajalaxmi , Indra Rajasingh , R. Sundara Rajan

This paper proves a conjecture generated by the artificial intelligence conjecturing program called \emph{TxGraffiti}. More specifically, we show that if $G$ is a connected, cubic, and claw-free graph, then $Z(G) \le \gamma(G) + 2$, where…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Randy R. Davila

Given a graph $G$, a colouring of $G$ is \emph{acyclic} if it is a proper colouring of $G$ and every cycle contains at least three colours. Its acyclic chromatic number $\chi_a(G)$ is the minimum~$k$ such that an acyclic $k$-colouring of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Quentin Chuet , Johanne Cohen , François Pirot

There are many variations on partition functions for graph homomorphisms or colorings. The case considered here is a counting or hard constraint problem in which the range or color graph carries a free and vertex transitive Abelian group…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-06 Eric Babson , Matthias Beck

In this paper we introduce a class of regular bipartite graphs whose biadjacency matrices are circulant matrices and we describe some of their properties. Notably, we compute upper and lower bounds for the zero forcing number for such a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-29 Seth A. Meyer

The zero forcing number was introduced as a combinatorial bound on the maximum nullity taken over the set of real symmetric matrices that respect the pattern of an underlying graph. The $Z_q$-forcing game is an analog to the standard zero…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-22 Jorge Blanco , Stephanie Einstein , Caleb Hostetler , Jurgen Kritschgau , Daniel Ogbe

Product throttling answers the question of minimizing the product of the resources needed to accomplish a task, and the time in which it takes to accomplish the task. In product throttling for positive semidefinite zero forcing, task that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Esther Conrad

We introduce $\ell$-leaky positive semidefinite forcing and the $\ell$-leaky positive semidefinite number of a graph, $Z_{(\ell)}^+{G}$, which combines the positive semidefinite color change rule with the addition of leaks to the graph.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Olivia Elias , Ian Farish , Emrys King , Josh Kyei , Ryan Moruzzi

The (disjoint) fort number and fractional zero forcing number are introduced and related to existing parameters including the (standard) zero forcing number. The fort hypergraph is introduced and hypergraph results on transversals and…

The forcing number of a perfect matching $M$ in a graph $G$ is the smallest number of edges inside $M$ that can not be contained in other perfect matchings. The anti-forcing number of $M$ is the smallest number of edges outside $M$ whose…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-25 Kai Deng , Huazhong Lü , Tingzeng Wu

We provide a short proof of a conjecture of Davila and Kenter concerning a lower bound on the zero forcing number $Z(G)$ of a graph $G$. More specifically, we show that $Z(G)\geq (g-2)(\delta-2)+2$ for every graph $G$ of girth $g$ at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-24 M. Fürst , D. Rautenbach

Let $G$ be a simple graph. The dominated coloring of $G$ is a proper coloring of $G$ such that each color class is dominated by at least one vertex. The minimum number of colors needed for a dominated coloring of $G$ is called the dominated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Saeid Alikhani , Mohammad R. Piri

Let $p \in \mathbb{N}$ and $q \in \mathbb{N} \cup \lbrace \infty \rbrace$. We study a dynamic coloring of the vertices of a graph $G$ that starts with an initial subset $S$ of blue vertices, with all remaining vertices colored white. If a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Boštjan Brešar , Jaka Hedžet , Michael A. Henning

This paper explores the application of a new algebraic method of color exchanges to the edge coloring of simple graphs. Vizing's theorem states that the edge coloring of a simple graph $G$ requires either $\Delta$ or $\Delta+1$ colors,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-04-12 Tony T. Lee , Yujie Wan , Hao Guan