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Related papers: On an Approach to Bayesian Sample Sizing in Clinic…

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Importance sampling is used to approximate Bayes' rule in many computational approaches to Bayesian inverse problems, data assimilation and machine learning. This paper reviews and further investigates the required sample size for…

Computation · Statistics 2021-02-03 Daniel Sanz-Alonso , Zijian Wang

Unblinded sample size re-estimation (SSR) is often planned in a clinical trial when there is large uncertainty about the true treatment effect. For Proof-of Concept (PoC) in a Phase II dose finding study, contrast test can be adopted to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-11 Qingyang Liu , Guanyu Hu , Binqi Ye , Susan Wang , Yaoshi Wu

Computer experiments are becoming increasingly important in scientific investigations. In the presence of uncertainty, analysts employ probabilistic sensitivity methods to identify the key-drivers of change in the quantities of interest.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Isadora Antoniano-Villalobos , Emanuele Borgonovo , Xuefei Lu

We study optimal sample allocation between treatment and control groups under Bayesian linear models. We derive an analytic expression for the Bayes risk, which depends jointly on sample size and covariate mean balance across groups. Under…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-03 André A. F. Fumis , Victor Fossaluza , Rafael B. Stern

Central to several objective approaches to Bayesian model selection is the use of training samples (subsets of the data), so as to allow utilization of improper objective priors. The most common prescription for choosing training samples is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 James O. Berger , Luis R. Pericchi

Determination of posterior probability for go-no-go decision and predictive power are becoming increasingly common for resource optimization in clinical investigation. There are vast published literature on these topics; however, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-09 Madan G. Kundu , Sandipan Samanta , Shoubhik Mondal

After experimenting with a number of non-probabilistic methods for dealing with uncertainty many researchers reaffirm a preference for probability methods [1] [2], although this remains controversial. The importance of being able to form…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 Thomas Slack

Parameter estimates for associated genetic variants, report ed in the initial discovery samples, are often grossly inflated compared to the values observed in the follow-up replication samples. This type of bias is a consequence of the…

Applications · Statistics 2011-04-15 Lizhen Xu , Radu V. Craiu , Lei Sun

Given the cost and duration of phase III and phase IV clinical trials, the development of statistical methods for go/no-go decisions is vital. In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian methodology to compute the probability of success based on…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-27 Ethan M. Alt , Matthew A. Psioda , Joseph G. Ibrahim

Bayesian approaches for handling covariate measurement error are well established, and yet arguably are still relatively little used by researchers. For some this is likely due to unfamiliarity or disagreement with the Bayesian inferential…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-01 Jonathan W. Bartlett , Ruth H. Keogh

In the management of most chronic conditions characterized by the lack of universally effective treatments, adaptive treatment strategies (ATSs) have been growing in popularity as they offer a more individualized approach, and sequential…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-03 Armando Turchetta , Erica E. M. Moodie , David A. Stephens , Sylvie D. Lambert

Background: Clinical prediction models are increasingly used to inform healthcare decisions, but determining the minimum sample size for their development remains a critical and unresolved challenge. Inadequate sample sizes can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Diana Shamsutdinova , Felix Zimmer , Oyebayo Ridwan Olaniran , Sarah Markham , Daniel Stahl , Gordon Forbes , Ewan Carr

We propose a novel Bayesian model selection technique on linear mixed-effects models to compare multiple treatments with a control. A fully Bayesian approach is implemented to estimate the marginal inclusion probabilities that provide a…

Applications · Statistics 2015-09-28 Lei Gong , James M. Flegal , Stephen R. Spindler , Patricia L. Mote

Datasets are rarely a realistic approximation of the target population. Say, prevalence is misrepresented, image quality is above clinical standards, etc. This mismatch is known as sampling bias. Sampling biases are a major hindrance for…

The determination of the sample size required by a crossover trial typically depends on the specification of one or more variance components. Uncertainty about the value of these parameters at the design stage means that there is often a…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-28 Michael Grayling , Adrian Mander , James Wason

We consider the problem of chance constrained optimization where it is sought to optimize a function and satisfy constraints, both of which are affected by uncertainties. The real world declinations of this problem are particularly…

Background: Determining sample sizes for metabolomic experiments is important but due to the complexity of these experiments, there are currently no standard methods for sample size estimation in metabolomics. Since pilot studies are rarely…

This paper extends my research applying statistical decision theory to treatment choice with sample data, using maximum regret to evaluate the performance of treatment rules. The specific new contribution is to study as-if optimization…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-05 Charles F. Manski

Model selection and order selection problems frequently arise in statistical practice. A popular approach to addressing these problems in the frequentist setting involves information criteria based on penalised maxima of log-likelihoods for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-29 Hien Duy Nguyen , Mayetri Gupta , Jacob Westerhout , TrungTin Nguyen

Throughout the different phases of a drug development program, randomized trials are used to establish the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of a candidate drug. At each stage one aims to optimize the design of future studies by…

Applications · Statistics 2021-02-08 Sebastian Weber , Andrew Gelman , Daniel Lee , Michael Betancourt , Aki Vehtari , Amy Racine