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Hurwitz spaces which parametrize branched covers of the line play a prominent role in inverse Galois theory. This paper surveys fifty years of works in this direction with emphasis on recent advances. Based on the Riemann-Hurwitz theory of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Pierre Dèbes

This survey grew out of notes accompanying a cycle of lectures at the workshop Modern Trends in Gromov-Witten Theory, in Hannover. The lectures are devoted to interactions between Hurwitz theory and Gromov-Witten theory, with a particular…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-04-14 Renzo Cavalieri

This is the second of two papers on the uniform asymptotics for real double Hurwitz numbers with triple ramification. Using the modified tropical correspondence theorem established in the first paper of this series, we introduce a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Yanqiao Ding , Kui Li , Huan Liu , Dongfeng Yan

A fermionic representation is given for all the quantities entering in the generating function approach to weighted Hurwitz numbers and topological recursion. This includes: KP and 2D Toda $\tau$-functions of hypergeometric type, which…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 A. Alexandrov , G. Chapuy , B. Eynard , J. Harnad

We study monotone and strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers from a bosonic Fock space perspective. This yields to an interpretation in terms of tropical geometry involving local multiplicities given by Gromov-Witten invariants. Furthermore,…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-01-03 Marvin Anas Hahn , Danilo Lewanski

We are extending results from \cite{B-Hurwitz} by building a parallel theory of simple Hurwitz numbers for the reflection groups $G(m,1,n)$. We also study analogs of the cut-and-join operators. An algebraic description as well as a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Raphaël Fesler , Denis Gorodkov , Maksim Karev

We introduce $(r+1)$-completed cycles $k$-leaky Hurwitz numbers and prove piecewise polynomiality as well as establishing their chamber polynomiality structure and their wall crossing formulae. For $k=0$ the results recover previous results…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Davide Accadia , Maksim Karev , Danilo Lewański

We investigate the combinatorics of real double Hurwitz numbers with real positive branch points using the symmetric group. Our main focus is twofold. First, we prove correspondence theorems relating these numbers to counts of tropical real…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-10-14 Mathieu Guay-Paquet , Hannah Markwig , Johannes Rau

We show that the signed counts of normalized real polynomials, as defined by Itenberg and Zvonkine, provide the signed counts of genus zero real ramified coverings of the Riemann sphere with a point of total ramification and several other…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Yanqiao Ding

To distinguish the contributions to the generalized Hurwitz number of the source Riemann surface with different genus, we define the genus expanded cut-and-join operators by observing carefully the symplectic surgery and the gluing formulas…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Quan Zheng

In [14] we found the large genus asymptotics of Hurwitz numbers for the Riemann sphere with a fixed number of general profiles and some (2,1^{d-2}) profiles. In this paper, motivated from [3], we generalize these results to Hurwitz numbers…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Xiang Li

We define a new class of enumerative invariants called $k$-leaky double Hurwitz descendants, generalizing both descendant integrals of double ramification cycles and the $k$-leaky double Hurwitz numbers introduced in previous work of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-04-17 Renzo Cavalieri , Hannah Markwig , Johannes Schmitt

The construction of hypergeometric 2D Toda $\tau$-functions as generating functions for quantum Hurwitz numbers is extended here to multispecies families. Both the enumerative geometrical significance of these multispecies quantum Hurwitz…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-11-01 J. Harnad

We construct a flat holomorphic line bundle over a connected component of the Hurwitz space of branched coverings of the Riemann sphere. A flat holomorphic connection defining the bundle is described in terms of the invariant Wirtinger…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Kokotov , D. Korotkin

We give uniform formulas for the number of full reflection factorizations of a parabolic quasi-Coxeter element in a Weyl group or complex reflection group, generalizing the formula for the genus-0 Hurwitz numbers. This paper is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Theo Douvropoulos , Joel Brewster Lewis , Alejandro H. Morales

Various generating functions of simple Hurwitz numbers of the projective line are known to satisfy many properties. They include a heat equation, the Eynard-Orantin topological recursion, an infinite-order differential equation called a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-06-05 Xiaojun Liu , Motohico Mulase , Adam Sorkin

We describe double Hurwitz numbers as intersection numbers on the moduli space of curves. Assuming polynomiality of the Double Ramification Cycle (which is known in genera 0 and 1), our formula explains the polynomiality in chambers of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-10-16 Renzo Cavalieri , Steffen Marcus

We continue our computation, using a combinatorial method based on Gronthendieck's dessins d'enfant, of the number of (weak) equivalence classes of surface branched covers matching certain specific branch data. In this note we concentrate…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-07-31 Carlo Petronio

We introduce a natural structure of a semigroup (isomorphic to a factorization semigroup of the unity in the symmetric group) on the set of irreducible components of Hurwitz space of marked degree $d$ coverings of $\mathbb P^1$ of fixed…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-05-18 Vik. S. Kulikov

As the real counterpart of double Hurwitz number, the real double Hurwitz number depends on the distribution of real branch points. We consider the problem of asymptotic growth of real and complex double Hurwitz numbers. We provide a lower…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-03-08 Yanqiao Ding