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We study a variant of the synchronization game on finite deterministic automata. In this game, Alice chooses one input letter of an automaton $A$ on each of her moves while Bob may respond with an arbitrary finite word over the input…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Anton E. Lipin , Mikhail V. Volkov

We study extremal and algorithmic questions of subset and careful synchronization in monotonic automata. We show that several synchronization problems that are hard in general automata can be solved in polynomial time in monotonic automata,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Andrew Ryzhikov , Anton Shemyakov

A word $w$ is called synchronizing (recurrent, reset, magic, directable) word of deterministic finite automaton (DFA) if $w$ sends all states of the automaton to a unique state. In 1964 Jan \v{C}erny found a sequence of n-state complete DFA…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-03-24 A. N. Trahtman

We present an infinite series of $n$-state Eulerian automata whose reset words have length at least $(n^2-3)/2$. This improves the current lower bound on the length of shortest reset words in Eulerian automata. We conjecture that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-04 Marek Szykuła , Vojtěch Vorel

Minimal deterministic finite automata (DFAs) can be reduced further at the expense of a finite number of errors. Recently, such minimization algorithms have been improved to run in time O(n log n), where n is the number of states of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-27 Andreas Maletti , Daniel Quernheim

We present several infinite series of synchronizing automata for which the minimum length of reset words is close to the square of the number of states. All these automata are tightly related to primitive digraphs with large exponent.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-25 Dmitry S. Ananichev , Vladimir V. Gusev , Mikhail V. Volkov

Sorting is a fundamental algorithmic pre-processing technique which often allows to represent data more compactly and, at the same time, speeds up search queries on it. In this paper, we focus on the well-studied problem of sorting and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Sung-Hwan Kim , Francisco Olivares , Nicola Prezza

We prove that a uniformly random automaton with $n$ states on a 2-letter alphabet has a synchronizing word of length $O(n^{1/2}\log n)$ with high probability (w.h.p.). That is to say, w.h.p. there exists a word $\omega$ of such length, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Guillaume Chapuy , Guillem Perarnau

A goal of this paper is to introduce the new construction of an automaton with shortest synchronizing word of length $O(d^{\frac{n}{d}})$, where $d \in \mathbb{N}$ and $n$ is the number of states for that automaton. Additionally we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Jakub Ruszil

This chapter is concerned with the design and analysis of algorithms for minimizing finite automata. Getting a minimal automaton is a fundamental issue in the use and implementation of finite automata tools in frameworks like text…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-01-04 Jean Berstel , Luc Boasson , Olivier Carton , Isabelle Fagnot

In this paper we investigate careful synchronization of one-cluster partial automata. First we prove that in general case the shortest carefully synchronizing word for such automata is of length $2^\frac{n}{2} + 1$, where $n$ is the number…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jakub Ruszil

In 1964 \v{C}ern\'{y} conjectured that each $n$-state synchronizing automaton posesses a reset word of length at most $(n-1)^2$. From the other side the best known upper bound on the reset length (minimum length of reset words) is cubic in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-16 Mikhail V. Berlinkov

A synchronizing word for an automaton is a word that brings that automaton into one and the same state, regardless of the starting position. Cerny conjectured in 1964 that if a n-state deterministic automaton has a synchronizing word, then…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-09-02 Cyril Nicaud

We study the computational complexity of various problems related to synchronization of weakly acyclic automata, a subclass of widely studied aperiodic automata. We provide upper and lower bounds on the length of a shortest word…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Andrew Ryzhikov

It was conjectured by \v{C}ern\'y in 1964 that a synchronizing DFA on $n$ states always has a shortest synchronizing word of length at most $(n-1)^2$, and he gave a sequence of DFAs for which this bound is reached. In this paper, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-15 Michiel de Bondt , Henk Don , Hans Zantema

String matching is the problem of finding all the substrings of a text which match a given pattern. It is one of the most investigated problems in computer science, mainly due to its very diverse applications in several fields. Recently,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Domenico Cantone , Simone Faro , Arianna Pavone

It has been known since the 60's that any complete discrete $n$-state automaton admits a reset word of length not exceeding $\alpha n^3+o(n^3)$ for some absolute constant $\alpha$. J.-E. Pin and P. Frankl proved this statement with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-23 Yaroslav Shitov

For a text given in advance, the substring minimal suffix queries ask to determine the lexicographically minimal non-empty suffix of a substring specified by the location of its occurrence in the text. We develop a data structure answering…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-02-01 Tomasz Kociumaka

In this paper we introduce a new type of approximate state reductions where the behaviors of the reduced and the original automaton do not have to be identical, but they must match on all words of length less than or equal to some given…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Miroslav Ćirić , Ivana Micić , Stefan Stanimirović , Linh Anh Nguyen

In a recent article by Chapuy and Perarnau, it was shown that a uniformly chosen automaton on $n$ states with a $2$-letter alphabet has a synchronizing word of length $O(\sqrt{n}\log n)$ with high probability. In this note, we improve this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-26 Anders Martinsson