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Scalar-tensor-vector gravity, also known as modified gravity (MOG), has emerged as an alternative to General Relativity (GR). It aims to explain astrophysical phenomena without invoking dark matter. The S-stars orbiting the supermassive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-21 Ioannis Liodis , Gernot Heissel , Rita Mastroioanni , Jai Grover , Dario Izzo

We apply our scalar-tensor-vector (STVG) modified gravity theory (MOG) to calculate the infall velocities of the two clusters constituting the Bullet Cluster 1E0657-06. In the absence of an applicable two-body solution to the MOG field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-05-18 J. W. Moffat , V. T. Toth

Our modified gravity theory (MOG) is a gravitational theory without exotic dark matter, based on an action principle. MOG has been used successfully to model astrophysical phenomena such as galaxy rotation curves, galaxy cluster masses, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-25 J. W. Moffat , V. T. Toth

Deviations from the standard $\Lambda$CDM model motivate an interpretation of early universe cosmology using the Scalar-Tensor-Vector-Gravity (STVG) theory. A constraint analysis carried out by Valentino, Melchiorri and Silk, revealed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-27 J. W. Moffat

The equation of motion in the generally covariant modified gravity (MOG) theory leads for weak gravitational fields and the non-relativistic limit to a modification of the Newtonian gravitational acceleration law, expressed in terms of two…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-31 J. W. Moffat

Modified gravity (MOG) is a covariant, relativistic, alternative gravitational theory whose field equations are derived from an action that supplements the spacetime metric tensor with vector and scalar fields. Both gravitational (spin 2)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-14 M. A. Green , J. W. Moffat , V. T. Toth

MOG is a fully relativistic modified theory of gravity based on an action principle. The MOG field equations are exactly solvable numerically in two important cases. In the spherically symmetric, static case of a gravitating mass, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-25 J. W. Moffat , V. T. Toth

In this paper, we have investigated one of the alternative theories to dark matter named MOdified Gravity (MOG) by testing its ability to describe the local dynamics of the Milky Way in vertical and transverse directions with the baryonic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-06-15 Zahra Davari , Sohrab Rahvar

We investigate the cosmological perturbations in the context of a Scalar-Tensor-Vector theory of Gravity known as MOG in the literature. Recent investigations show that MOG reproduces a viable background cosmological evolution comparable to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-18 Sara Jamali , Mahmood Roshan , Luca Amendola

We formulate the junction conditions for Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity (STVG/MOG), proposed by J.~W.~Moffat. Using these conditions, the theory of gravitational collapse is constructed. In the collapsing process, an interior…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 Debanjan Debnath , Anant Badal , Kaushik Bhattacharya

Astrophysical data analysis of the weak-field predictions support the claim that modified gravity (MOG) theories provide a self-consistent, scale-invariant, universal description of galaxy rotation curves, without the need of non-baryonic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-08-09 J. R. Brownstein

The polarized images of a synchrotron emitting ring are studied in the spacetime of a rotating black hole in the Scalar-Tensor-Vector-Gravity (STVG) theory. The black hole owns an additional dimensionless MOG parameter described its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-26 Xin Qin , Songbai Chen , Zelin Zhang , Jiliang Jing

Modified Gravity (MOG) has been used successfully to explain the rotation curves of galaxies, the motion of galaxy clusters, the Bullet Cluster, and cosmological observations without the use of dark matter or Einstein's cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-04 J. W. Moffat , V. T. Toth

Modified Gravity (MOG) and Non-Local Gravity (NLG) are two alternative theories to General Relativity. They are able to explain the rotation curves of spiral galaxies and clusters of galaxies without including dark matter (Moffat & Rahvar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-09 M. H. Zhoolideh Haghighi , S. Rahvar

We obtain the action of Moffat's Modified Gravity, (MOG), a scalar-tensor-vector theory of gravitation, by generalizing the Horava-Witten mechanism to fourteen dimensions. We show that the resulting theory is anomaly-free. We propose an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-01-09 Alireza Sepehri , Tooraj Ghaffary , Yaghoob Naimi

We explore charged black holes in Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity (STVG), unveiling their distinctive features across multiple physical domains. Our topological analysis reveals that the STVG coupling parameter $\alpha$ bolsters thermal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-07 Erdem Sucu , Kuantay Boshkayev , Yassine Sekhmani , İzzet Sakallı , Mohsen Fathi

MOdified Gravity (MOG) is a covariant modification of Einstein's general relativity. This theory is one of the current alternatives to dark matter models. We describe dynamics of collisionless self-gravitating systems in the context of MOG.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-09-24 Mahmood Roshan , Shahram Abbassi

A covariant scalar-tensor-vector gravity theory is developed which allows the gravitational constant $G$, a vector field coupling $\omega$ and the vector field mass $\mu$ to vary with space and time. The equations of motion for a test…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-22 J. W. Moffat

We perform a test of John Moffat's Modified Gravity theory (MOG) within the Milky Way, adopting the well known "Rotation Curve" method. We use the dynamics of observed tracers within the disk to determine the gravitational potential as a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-10 Carolina Negrelli , Maria Benito , Susana Landau , Fabio Iocco , Lucila Kraiselburd

Modified Gravity (MOG) has been used successfully to explain the rotation curves of galaxies, the motion of galaxy clusters, the Bullet Cluster, and cosmological observations without the use of dark matter or Einstein's cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-17 J. W. Moffat