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Engineering system design, viewed as a decision-making process, faces challenges due to complexity and uncertainty. In this paper, we present a framework proposing the use of the Deep Q-learning algorithm to optimize the design of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Ramin Giahi , Cameron A. MacKenzie , Reyhaneh Bijari

Multistage sequential decision-making scenarios are commonly seen in the healthcare diagnosis process. In this paper, an active learning-based method is developed to actively collect only the necessary patient data in a sequential manner.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-14 Hongzhen Tian , Reuven Zev Cohen , Chuck Zhang , Yajun Mei

The personalization of treatment via bio-markers and other risk categories has drawn increasing interest among clinical scientists. Personalized treatment strategies can be learned using data from clinical trials, but such trials are very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Kun Deng , Joelle Pineau , Susan A. Murphy

The goal of precision medicine is to provide individualized treatment at each stage of chronic diseases, a concept formalized by Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTR). These regimes adapt treatment strategies based on decision rules learned from…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-09 Sophia Yazzourh , Nicolas Savy , Philippe Saint-Pierre , Michael R. Kosorok

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and morbidity, with antihypertensive drugs and blood pressure management strategies having heterogeneous effects on patients. Previous authors exploited this heterogeneity to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-15 Janie Coulombe , Dany El-Riachi , Fanxing Du , Tianze Jiao

We propose a new method in indefinite-horizon settings for estimating optimal dynamic treatment regimes for time-to-event outcomes. This method allows patients to have different numbers of treatment stages and is constructed using…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-31 Jane She , Matthew Egberg , Michael R. Kosorok

In previous work, we have developed a dynamic learning paradigm for "programming" a general quantum computer. A learning algorithm is used to find a set of parameters for a coupled qubit system such that the system at an initial time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-02 Elizabeth Behrman , James Steck

The goal of personalized decision making is to map a unit's characteristics to an action tailored to maximize the expected outcome for that unit. Obtaining high-quality mappings of this type is the goal of the dynamic regime literature. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Razieh Nabi , Phyllis Kanki , Ilya Shpitser

This paper aims at presenting a new application of information geometry to reinforcement learning focusing on dynamic treatment resumes. In a standard framework of reinforcement learning, a Q-function is defined as the conditional…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-17 Shinto Eguchi

We study the design of multi-armed parallel group clinical trials to estimate personalized treatment rules that identify the best treatment for a given patient with given covariates. Assuming that the outcomes in each treatment arm are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-13 David Azriel , Yosef Rinott , Martin Posch

We develop and evaluate tolerance interval methods for dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) that can provide more detailed prognostic information to patients who will follow an estimated optimal regime. Although the problem of constructing…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-04-26 Daniel J. Lizotte , Arezoo Tahmasebi

Observational longitudinal studies are a common means to study treatment efficacy and safety in chronic mental illness. In many such studies, treatment changes may be initiated by either the patient or by their clinician and can thus vary…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-12 Zekun Xu , Eric Laber , Ana-Maria Staicu , Emanuel Severus

A fundamental principle of clinical medicine is that a treatment should only be administered to those patients who would benefit from it. Treatment strategies that assign treatment to patients as a function of their individual…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-13 Nicholas Williams , Kara Rudolph , Iván Díaz

A new type of experiment that aims to determine the optimal quantities of a sequence of factors is eliciting considerable attention in medical science, bioengineering, and many other disciplines. Such studies require the simultaneous…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-14 Qian Xiao , Yaping Wang , Abhyuday Mandal , Xinwei Deng

We propose a new approach to solving dynamic decision problems with unbounded rewards based on the transformations used in Q-learning. In our case, the objective of the transform is to convert an unbounded dynamic program into a bounded…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-02 Qingyin Ma , John Stachurski , Alexis Akira Toda

The optimal dynamic treatment rule (ODTR) framework offers an approach for understanding which kinds of patients respond best to specific treatments -- in other words, treatment effect heterogeneity. Recently, there has been a proliferation…

This paper develops a novel control-theoretic framework to analyze the non-asymptotic convergence of Q-learning. We show that the dynamics of asynchronous Q-learning with a constant step-size can be naturally formulated as a discrete-time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-23 Donghwan Lee , Jianghai Hu , Niao He

Clinical decision-making often involves selecting tests that are costly, invasive, or time-consuming, motivating individualized, sequential strategies for what to measure and when to stop ascertaining. We study the problem of learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-16 Doudou Zhou , Yiran Zhang , Dian Jin , Yingye Zheng , Lu Tian , Tianxi Cai

Opioids are the preferred medications for the treatment of pain in the intensive care unit. While undertreatment leads to unrelieved pain and poor clinical outcomes, excessive use of opioids puts patients at risk of experiencing multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Daniel Lopez-Martinez , Patrick Eschenfeldt , Sassan Ostvar , Myles Ingram , Chin Hur , Rosalind Picard

The subject of this work is two treatment groups random coefficient regression models, in which observational units receive some group-specific treatments. We provide A- and D-optimality criteria for the estimation of the fixed parameter…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-11 Maryna Prus