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We used a sample of Kepler candidate planets with orbital periods less than 200 days and radii between 1.5 and 30 Earth radii to determine the typical dynamical spacing of neighboring planets. To derive the intrinsic (i.e., free of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Julia Fang , Jean-Luc Margot

Context. Low-mass extrasolar planets are presently being discovered at an increased pace by radial velocity and transit surveys, opening a new window on planetary systems. Aims. We are conducting a high-precision radial velocity survey with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 C. Lovis , D. Ségransan , M. Mayor , S. Udry , W. Benz , J. -L. Bertaux , F. Bouchy , A. C. M. Correia , J. Laskar , G. Lo Curto , C. Mordasini , F. Pepe , D. Queloz , N. C. Santos

Multi-planetary systems detected by the Kepler mission present an excess of planets close to first-order mean-motion resonances (2:1 and 3:2) but with a period ratio slightly higher than the resonant value. Several mechanisms have been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-22 J. -B. Delisle , J. Laskar

The Kepler-observed distribution of planet sizes have revealed two distinct patterns: (1) a radius valley separating super-Earths and sub-Neptunes and (2) a preference for intra-system size similarity. We present a new model for the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Matthias Y. He , Eric B. Ford

Radial velocity (RV) measurements of transiting multiplanet systems allow us to understand the densities and compositions of planets unlike those in the Solar System. Kepler-102, which consists of 5 tightly packed transiting planets, is a…

The multiple-planet systems discovered by the Kepler mission show an excess of planet pairs with period ratios just wide of exact commensurability for first-order resonances like 2:1 and 3:2. In principle, these planet pairs could have both…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Man Hoi Lee , D. Fabrycky , D. N. C. Lin

We constrain the intrinsic architecture of Kepler planetary systems by modeling the observed multiplicities of the transiting planets (tranets) and their transit timing variations (TTVs). We robustly determine that the fraction of Sun-like…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-04 Wei Zhu , Cristobal Petrovich , Yanqin Wu , Subo Dong , Jiwei Xie

We infer the period ($P$) and size ($R_p$) distribution of Kepler transiting planet candidates with $R_p\ge 1 R_{\rm Earth}$ and $P < 250$ days hosted by solar-type stars. The planet detection efficiency is computed by using measured noise…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-06 Subo Dong , Zhaohuan Zhu

(Abridged) Searching for planets around stars with different masses probes the outcome of planetary formation for different initial conditions. This drives observations of a sample of 102 southern nearby M dwarfs, using a fraction of our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 X. Bonfils , X. Delfosse , S. Udry , T. Forveille , M. Mayor , C. Perrier , F. Bouchy , M. Gillon , C. Lovis , F. Pepe , D. Queloz , N. C. Santos , D. Ségransan , J. -L. Bertaux

Exoplanet systems are thought to evolve on secular timescales over billions of years. This evolution is impossible to directly observe on human timescales in most individual systems. While the availability of accurate and precise age…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-09 Stephen P. Schmidt , Kevin C. Schlaufman , Jacob H. Hamer

We analyze data from the Quarter 1-17 Data Release 24 (Q1--Q17 DR24) planet candidate catalog from NASA's Kepler mission, specifically comparing systems with single transiting planets to systems with multiple transiting planets, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-09 Jason H. Steffen , Jeffrey L. Coughlin

We present a framework to conservatively estimate the probability that any particular planet-like transit signal observed by the Kepler mission is in fact a planet, prior to any ground-based follow-up efforts. We use Monte Carlo methods…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Timothy D. Morton , John Asher Johnson

We calculate an empirical, non-parametric estimate of the shape of the period-marginalized radius distribution of planets with periods less than 150 days using the small yet well-characterized sample of cool ($T_{\rm eff} <4000 $K) dwarf…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Timothy D. Morton , Jonathan J. Swift

In this study, we performed a homogeneous analysis of the planets around FGK dwarf stars observed by the Kepler and K2 missions, providing spectroscopic parameters for 310 K2 targets -- including 239 Scaling K2 hosts -- observed with…

Previous work concerning planet formation around low-mass stars has often been limited to large planets and individual systems. As current surveys routinely detect planets down to terrestrial size in these systems, a more holistic approach…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-08 Remo Burn , Martin Schlecker , Christoph Mordasini , Alexandre Emsenhuber , Yann Alibert , Thomas Henning , Hubert Klahr , Willy Benz

The characteristics of the radius valley, i.e., an observed lack of planets between 1.5-2 Earth radii at periods shorter than about 100 days, provide insights into the formation and evolution of close-in planets. We present a novel view of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-11 Cynthia S. K. Ho , Vincent Van Eylen

In order to understand the relationship between planet multiplicity, mass, and composition, we present newly measured masses of five planets in two planetary systems: Kepler-323 and Kepler-104. We used the HIRES instrument at the W.M. Keck…

Kepler is a space telescope that searches Sun-like stars for planets. Its major goal is to determine {\eta}_Earth, the fraction of Sunlike stars that have planets like Earth. When a planet 'transits' or moves in front of a star, Kepler can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Joseph Catanzarite , Michael Shao

The Kepler Mission has discovered thousands of exoplanets and revolutionized our understanding of their population. This large, homogeneous catalog of discoveries has enabled rigorous studies of the occurrence rate of exoplanets and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-14 Daniel Foreman-Mackey , Timothy D. Morton , David W. Hogg , Eric Agol , Bernhard Schölkopf

We aim to investigate the influence of the eccentricity and inclination damping due to planet-disc interactions on the final configurations of the systems, generalizing previous studies on the combined action of the gas disc and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-09 Sotiris Sotiriadis , Anne-Sophie Libert , Bertram Bitsch , Aurélien Crida