Related papers: On the second largest eigenvalue of the signless L…

Let $G$ be a simple graph with order $n$ and size $m$. The quantity $M_1(G)=\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{n}d^2_{v_i}$ is called the first Zagreb index of $G$, where $d_{v_i}$ is the degree of vertex $v_i$, for all $i=1,2,\dots,n$. The signless…

The signless Laplacian spectral radius has emerged as a crucial spectral parameter in network science. This paper establishes new extremal results in spectral graph theory by investigating the signless Laplacian spectral radius ($Q$-index)…

For an $n \times n$ matrix $A$, let $q(A)$ be the number of distinct eigenvalues of $A$. If $G$ is a connected graph on $n$ vertices, let $\mathcal{S}(G)$ be the set of all real symmetric $n \times n$ matrices $A=[a_{ij}]$ such that for…

For a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, having Laplacian spectrum $\mu_1, \mu_2, \cdots,\mu_n$ and signless Laplacian spectrum $\mu^+_1,\mu^+_2, \cdots,\mu^+_n$, the Laplacian energy and signless Laplacian energy of $G$ are…

Let $G$ be a simple graph and $Q(G)$ be the signless Laplacian matrix of $G$. Let $S_\alpha(G)$ be the sum of the $\alpha$-th powers of the nonzero eigenvalues of $Q(G)$. We disprove two conjectures by You and Yang on the extremal values of…

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$ with degree sequence $d_1 \geq \cdots \geq d_{n}$. Let $m_{G}I$ be the number of signless Laplacian eigenvalues in an interval $I$. In this paper, we characterize the distribution of the signless Laplacian…

In this note, we present a structural description of certain connected cographs having $k \geq 2$ main signless Laplacian eigenvalues. This result allows us to characterize the cographs which are quasi-threshold graphs with two main…

Let $G$ be an $n$-vertex graph and $Q(G)$ be its signless Laplacian matrix. The $Q$-walk matrix of $G$, denoted by $W_Q(G)$, is $[e,Q(G)e,\ldots,Q^{n-1}(G)e]$, where $e$ is the all-one vector. Let $G\circ P_m$ be the graph obtained from $G$…

Let $G$ be a simple connected graph with $n\geq 5$ vertices. In this note, we will prove that $s_3(G)\leq n$, and characterize the graphs which satisfy that $s_3(G)=n, n-1, n-2, $ or $n-3$, where $s_3(G)$ is the third invariant factor of…

Let $G$ be a connected non-bipartite graph on $n$ vertices with domination number $\gamma \le \frac{n+1}{3}$. We investigate the least eigenvalue of the signless Laplacian of $G$, and present a lower bound for such eigenvalue in terms of…

In this paper, we consider the bounds for the largest eigenvalue and the sum of the $k$ largest Laplacian eigenvalues of signed graphs. Firstly, we give an upper bound on the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a signed graph and…

For a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices with normalized Laplacian eigenvalues $0 = \lambda_1(G) \leq \lambda_2(G) \leq \cdots \leq \lambda_n(G)$ and graph complement $G^c$, we prove that \begin{equation*} \max\{\lambda_2(G),\lambda_2(G^c)\}\geq…

Denote by $q_n(G)$ the smallest eigenvalue of the signless Laplacian matrix of an $n$-vertex graph $G$. Brandt conjectured in 1997 that for regular triangle-free graphs $q_n(G) \leq \frac{4n}{25}$. We prove a stronger result: If $G$ is a…

Let $G$ be a connected simple graph on $n$ vertices. Let $\mathcal{L}(G)$ be the normalized Laplacian matrix of $G$ and $\rho_{n-1}(G)$ be the second least eigenvalue of $\mathcal{L}(G)$. Denote by $\nu(G)$ the independence number of $G$.…

For a graph $G$, let $L(G)$ and $Q(G)$ be the Laplacian and signless Laplacian matrices of $G$, respectively, and $\tau(G)$ be the number of spanning trees of $G$. We prove that if $G$ has an odd number of vertices and $\tau(G)$ is not…

The graphs with all equal negative or positive eigenvalues are special kind in the spectral graph theory. In this article, several iterated line graphs $\mathcal{L}^k(G)$ with all equal negative eigenvalues $-2$ are characterized for $k\ge…

Let $G$ be a triangle-free graph on $n$ vertices with adjacency matrix eigenvalues $\mu_1(G)\geq \mu_2(G)\geq \dots \geq \mu_n(G)$. In this paper we study the quantity $$\mu_1(G)+\mu_n(G).$$ We prove that for any triangle-free graph $G$ we…

For a graph $G,$ let $\alpha(G)$ denote its second smallest Laplacian eigenvalue. The Laplacian Spread Conjecture states that $\alpha(G)+\alpha(\overline{G}) \geq 1,$ where $\overline{G}$ is the complement of $G.$ In this paper, we have…

Let $G$ be a connected graph and let $k$ be a positive integer. Let $T$ be a spanning tree of $G$. The leaf degree of a vertex $v\in V(T)$ is defined as the number of leaves adjacent to $v$ in $T$. The leaf degree of $T$ is the maximum leaf…

Let $G$ be a graph with $p(G)$ pendant vertices and $q(G)$ quasi-pendant vertices. Denote by $m_{L(G)}(\lambda)$ the multiplicity of $\lambda$ as a Laplacian eigenvalue of $G$. Let $\overline{G}$ be the reduced graph of $G$, which can be…