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Effective photon-photon luminosities are calculated for various realistic hadron collider scenarios. The main characteristics of photon-photon processes at relativistic heavy-ion colliders are established and compared to the corresponding…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-08 Kai Hencken , Dirk Trautmann , Gerhard Baur

Effective photon-photon luminosities are calculated for various realistic hadron collider scenarios. The main characteristics of photon-photon processes at relativistic heavy-ion colliders are established and compared to the corresponding…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Kai Hencken , Dirk Trautmann , Gerhard Baur

The LHC machine at CERN finished its first year of pp collisions at a center of mass energy of 7 TeV. While the commissioning to exploit its full potential is still ongoing, there are plans to upgrade its components to reach instantaneous…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-03-22 Hans-Christian Kästli

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a large and complex general purpose experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), built and maintained by many collaborators from around the world. Efficient operation of the detector requires…

The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) provides unprecedented opportunities to study rare radiative decays in the flavor sector, particularly with the CMS experiment. This review focuses on the search for the challenging decay…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-10-14 Alibordi Muhammad

Commissioning studies of the CMS hadron calorimeter have identified sporadic uncharacteristic noise and a small number of malfunctioning calorimeter channels. Algorithms have been developed to identify and address these problems in the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-08-27 The CMS Collaboration

The Large Hadron-Electron Collider (LHeC) will operate at $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.2 TeV and accumulate about 1/ab of integrated electron-proton luminosity. Novel studies of high energy photon-photon interactions at the LHeC, at the $\gamma\gamma$…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2021-09-24 Krzysztof Piotrzkowski , Yuji Yamazaki

The ALICE experiment at LHC studies the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model with pp, pA and AA collisions. Within the scope of the physics program, measurements of photons, neutral mesons and jets in ALICE are performed by two…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-10-11 Yuri Kharlov

After the Phase-2 high-luminosity upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the collision rate and therefore the background rate will significantly increase, particularly in the high $\eta$ region. To improve both the tracking and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-08 M. Abbas , M. Abbrescia , H. Abdalla , A. Abdelalim , S. AbuZeid , A. Agapitos , A. Ahmad , A. Ahmed , W. Ahmed , C. Aimè , C. Aruta , I. Asghar , P. Aspell , C. Avila , J. Babbar , Y. Ban , R. Band , S. Bansal , L. Benussi , V. Bhatnagar , M. Bianco , S. Bianco , K. Black , L. Borgonovi , O. Bouhali , A. Braghieri , S. Braibant , S. Butalla , S. Calzaferri , M. Caponero , J. Carlson , F. Cassese , N. Cavallo , S. S. Chauhan , S. Colafranceschi , A. Colaleo , A. Conde Garcia , M. Dalchenko , A. De Iorio , G. De Lentdecker , D. Dell Olio , G. De Robertis , W. Dharmaratna , S. Dildick , B. Dorney , R. Erbacher , F. Fabozzi , F. Fallavollita , A. Ferraro , D. Fiorina , E. Fontanesi , M. Franco , C. Galloni , P. Giacomelli , S. Gigli , J. Gilmore , M. Gola , M. Gruchala , A. Gutierrez , R. Hadjiiska , T. Hakkarainen , J. Hauser , K. Hoepfner , M. Hohlmann , H. Hoorani , T. Huang , P. Iaydjiev , A. Irshad , A. Iorio , F. Ivone , W. Jang , J. Jaramillo , A. Juodagalvis , E. Juska , B. Kailasapathy , T. Kamon , Y. Kang , P. Karchin , A. Kaur , H. Kaur , H. Keller , H. Kim , J. Kim , S. Kim , B. Ko , A. Kumar , S. Kumar , N. Lacalamita , J. S. H. Lee , A. Levin , Q. Li , F. Licciulli , L. Lista , K. Liyanage , F. Loddo , M. Luhach , M. Maggi , Y. Maghrbi , N. Majumdar , K. Malagalage , S. Malhotra , S. Martiradonna , C. McLean , J. Merlin , M. Misheva , G. Mocellin , L. Moureaux , A. Muhammad , S. Muhammad , S. Mukhopadhyay , M. Naimuddin , S. Nuzzo , R. Oliveira , P. Paolucci , I. C. Park , L. Passamonti , G. Passeggio , A. Peck , A. Pellecchia , N. Perera , L. Petre , H. Petrow , D. Piccolo , D. Pierluigi , G. Raffone , M. Rahmani , F. Ramirez , A. Ranieri , G. Rashevski , B. Regnery , M. Ressegotti , C. Riccardi , M. Rodozov , E. Romano , C. Roskas , B. Rossi , P. Rout , J. D. Ruiz , A. Russo , A. Safonov , A. K. Sahota , D. Saltzberg , G. Saviano , A. Shah , A. Sharma , R. Sharma , T. Sheokand , M. Shopova , F. M. Simone , J. Singh , U. Sonnadara , E. Starling , B. Stone , J. Sturdy , G. Sultanov , Z. Szillasi , D. Teague , D. Teyssier , T. Tuuva , M. Tytgat , I. Vai , N. Vanegas , R. Venditti , P. Verwilligen , W. Vetens , A. K. Virdi , P. Vitulo , A. Wajid , D. Wang , K. Wang , I. J. Watson , N. Wickramage , D. D. C. Wickramarathna , S. Yang , U. Yang , Y. Yang , J. Yongho , I. Yoon , Z. You , I. Yu , S. Zaleski

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will have a peak luminosity of $5\times10^{34} $cm$^{-2} $\,s$^{-1}$, five times higher than the design luminosity of the LHC. The hadronic ATLAS Tile Calorimeter TileCal) is a sampling…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-10-29 Eduardo Valdes Santurio

The High Luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) requires new high-radiation tolerant silicon pixel sensors for the innermost part of the tracking detector in the CMS experiment. The innermost layer of the tracker,…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-02-11 Clara Lasaosa

The foreseen upgrade of the LHC to its high luminosity phase (HL-LHC), will maximize the physics potential of the facility. The upgrade is expected to increase the instantaneous luminosity by a factor of 5 and deliver an integrated…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-12-19 Timo Peltola

The next upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is planned from 2026 when the collider will move to its High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC). The CMS detector needs to be substantially upgraded during this period to exploit the fourfold…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-02-01 Tamas Almos Vami , Morris Swartz

The ATLAS detector at LHC will require a Trigger system to efficiently select events down to a manageable event storage rate of about 400 Hz. By 2015 the LHC instantaneous luminosity will be increased up to 3 x 10^34 cm-2s-1, this…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-06-18 Eduard Simioni

Chapter 5 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in…

The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is expected to deliver an integrated luminosity of up to 3000 fb$^{-1}$. The very high instantaneous luminosity will lead to about 200 proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing (pileup)…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-02-12 Sezen Sekmen

During LHC Run 2 (2015-2018) the ATLAS Level-1 topological trigger allowed efficient data-taking by the ATLAS experiment at luminosities up to 2.1x10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, which exceeds the design value by a factor of two. The system…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-01-14 ATLAS Collaboration

We report on the response of a prototype CMS hadron calorimeter module to charged particle beams of pions, muons, and electrons with momenta up to 375 GeV/c. The data were taken at the H2 and H4 beamlines at CERN in 1995 and 1996. The…

This paper begins with a summary of the status of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, including the lead-ion injector chain and the plans for the first phases of commissioning and operation with colliding proton beams. In a later phase, the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2011-09-02 John M. Jowett

The upgrade of the CMS experiment for the high luminosity operation of the LHC comprises the replacement of the current endcap calorimeter by a high granularity sampling calorimeter (HGCAL). The electromagnetic section of the HGCAL is based…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-30 B. Acar , G. Adamov , C. Adloff , S. Afanasiev , N. Akchurin , B. Akgün , M. Alhusseini , J. Alison , J. P. Figueiredo de sa Sousa de Almeida , P. G. Dias de Almeida , A. Alpana , M. Alyari , I. Andreev , U. Aras , P. Aspell , I. O. Atakisi , O. Bach , A. Baden , G. Bakas , A. Bakshi , S. Banerjee , P. DeBarbaro , P. Bargassa , D. Barney , F. Beaudette , F. Beaujean , E. Becheva , A. Becker , P. Behera , A. Belloni , T. Bergauer , M. El Berni , M. Besancon , S. Bhattacharya , S. Bhattacharya , D. Bhowmik , B. Bilki , S. Bilokin , G. C. Blazey , F. Blekman , P. Bloch , A. Bodek , M. Bonanomi , J. Bonis , A. Bonnemaison , S. Bonomally , J. Borg , F. Bouyjou , N. Bower , D. Braga , L. Brennan , E. Brianne , E. Brondolin , P. Bryant , E. Buhmann , P. Buhmann , A. Butler-Nalin , O. Bychkova , S. Callier , D. Calvet , K. Canderan , K. Cankocak , X. Cao , A. Cappati , B. Caraway , S. Caregari , C. Carty , A. Cauchois , L. Ceard , D. S. Cerci , S. Cerci , G. Cerminara , M. Chadeeva , N. Charitonidis , R. Chatterjee , J. A. Chen , Y. M. Chen , H. J. Cheng , K. Y. Cheng , H. Cheung , D. Chokheli , M. Cipriani , D. Čoko , F. Couderc , E. Cuba , M. Danilov , D. Dannheim , W. Daoud , I. Das , P. Dauncey , G. Davies , O. Davignon , E. Day , P. Debbins , M. M. Defranchis , E. Delagnes , Z. Demiragli , U. Demirbas , G. Derylo , D. Diaz , L. Diehl , P. Dinaucourt , G. G. Dincer , J. Dittmann , M. Dragicevic , S. Dugad , F. Dulucq , I. Dumanoglu , M. Dünser , S. Dutta , V. Dutta , T. K. Edberg , F. Elias , L. Emberger , S. C. Eno , Yu. Ershov , S. Extier , F. Fahim , C. Fallon , K. Sarbandi Fard , G. Fedi , L. Ferragina , L. Forthomme , E. Frahm , G. Franzoni , J. Freeman , T. French , K. Gadow , P. Gandhi , S. Ganjour , X. Gao , M. T. Ramos Garcia , A. Garcia-Bellido , E. Garutti , F. Gastaldi , D. Gastler , Z. Gecse , A. Germer , H. Gerwig , O. Gevin , S. Ghosh , A. Gilbert , W. Gilbert , K. Gill , C. Gingu , S. Gninenko , A. Golunov , I. Golutvin , B. Gonultas , N. Gorbounov , P. Göttlicher , L. Gouskos , C. Graf , A. B. Gray , C. Grieco , S. Gr\"önroos , Y. Gu , F. Guilloux , E. Gurpinar Guler , Y. Guler , E. Gülmez , J. Guo , H. Gutti , A. Hakimi , M. Hammer , O. Hartbrich , H. M. Hassanshahi , K. Hatakeyama , E. Hazen , A. Heering , V. Hegde , U. Heintz , D. Heuchel , N. Hinton , J. Hirschauer , J. Hoff , W. S. Hou , X. Hou , H. Hua , S. Huck , A. Hussain , J. Incandela , A. Irles , A. Irshad , C. Isik , S. Jain , J. Jaroslavceva , H. R. Jheng , U. Joshi , K. Kaadze , V. Kachanov , L. Kalipoliti , A. Kaminskiy , A. R. Kanuganti , Y. W. Kao , A. Kapoor , O. Kara , A. Karneyeu , O. Kałuzińska , M. Kaya , O. Kaya , Y. Kazhykharim , F. A. Khan , A. Khukhunaishvili , J. Kieseler , M. Kilpatrick , S. Kim , K. Koetz , T. Kolberg , M. Komm , O. K. Köseyan , V. Kraus , M. Krawczyk , K. Kristiansen , A. Kristić , M. Krohn , B. Kronheim , K. Krüger , S. Kulis , M. Kumar , S. Kunori , C. M. Kuo , V. Kuryatkov , J. Kvasnicka , S. Kyre , Y. Lai , K. Lamichhane , G. Landsberg , C. Lange , J. Langford , S. Laurien , M. Y. Lee , S. W. Lee , A. G. Stahl Leiton , A. Levin , A. Li , J. H. Li , Y. Y. Li , Z. Liang , H. Liao , Z. Lin , D. Lincoln , L. Linssen , R. Lipton , G. Liu , Y. Liu , A. Lobanov , V. Lohezic , D. Lomidze , R. S. Lu , S. Lu , M. Lupi , I. Lysova , A. -M. Magnan , F. Magniette , A. Mahjoub , S. Martens , M. Matysek , B. Meier , A. Malakhov , S. Mallios , I. Mandjavize , M. Mannelli , J. Mans , A. Marchioro , A. Martelli , G. Martinez , P. Masterson , M. Matthewman , S. N. Mayekar , A. David , S. Coco , B. Meng , A . Menkel , A. Mestvirishvili , G. Milella , I. Mirza , S. Moccia , G. B. Mohanty , F. Monti , F. W. Moortgat , I. Morrissey , J. Motta , S. Murthy , J. Musić , Y. Musienko , S. Nabili , M. Nguyen , A. Nikitenko , D. Noonan , D. Noonan , M. Noy , K. Nurdan , M. Wulansatiti Nursanto , C. Ochando , N. Odell , H. Okawa , Y. Onel , W. Ortez , J. Ozegović , S. Ozkorucuklu , E. Paganis , C. A. Palmer , S. Pandey , F. Pantaleo , C. Papageorgakis , I. Papakrivopoulos , M. Paranjpe , J. Parshook , N. Pastika , M. Paulini , T. Peitzmann , T. Peltola , N. Peng , A. Buchot Perraguin , P. Petiot , T. Pierre-Emile , M. Vicente Barreto Pinto , E. Popova , R. Pöschl , H. Prosper , M. Prvan , I. Puljak , S. R. Qasim , H. Qu , T. Quast , R. Quinn , M. Quinnan , A. Rane , K. K. Rao , K. Rapacz , L. Raux , W. Redjeb , M. Reinecke , M. Revering , F. Richard , A. Roberts , A. M. Sanchez , J. Rohlf , J. Rolph , T. Romanteau , M. Rosado , A. Rose , M. Rovere , A. Roy , P. Rubinov , R. Rusack , V. Rusinov , V. Ryjov , O. M. Sahin , R. Salerno , R. Saradhy , T. Sarkar , M. A. Sarkisla , J. B. Sauvan , I. Schmidt , M. Schmitt , S. Schuwalow , E. Scott , C. Seez , F. Sefkow , D. Selivanova , S. Sharma , M. Shelake , A. Shenai , R. Shukla , E. Sicking , M. De , P. Silva , P. Simkina , F. Simon , A. E. Simsek , Y. Sirois , V. Smirnov , T. J. Sobering , E. Spencer , N. Srimanobhas , A. Steen , J. Strait , N. Strobbe , X. F. Su , Y. Sudo , C. Mantilla Suarez , E. Sukhov , L. Sulak , L. Sun , P. Suryadevara , C. Syal , C. de La Taille , B. Tali , C. L. Tan , J. Tao , A. Tarabini , T. Tatli , R. Thaus , R. D. Taylor , S. Tekten , A. Thiebault , D. Thienpont , C. Tiley , E. Tiras , M. Titov , D. Tlisov , U. G. Tok , A. Kayis , J. Troska , L. S. Tsai , Z. Tsamalaidze , G. Tsipolitis , A. Tsirou , S. Undleeb , D. Urbanski , E. Uslan , V. Ustinov , A. Uzunian , J. Varela , M. Velasco , E. Vernazza , O. Viazlo , P. Vichoudis , T. Virdee , E. Voirin , M. Vojinovi\c , M. Vojinovic , A. Wade , C. Wang , C. C. Wang , D. Wang , F. Wang , X. Wang , X. Wang , Z. Wang , M. Wayne , S. N. Webb , A. Whitbeck , R. Wickwire , J. S. Wilson , H. Y. Wu , L. Wu , M. Xiao , J. Yang , C. H Yeh , R. Yohay , D. Yu , S. S. Yu , C. Yuan , Y. Miao , F. Yumiceva , I. Yusuff , A. Zabi , A. Zacharopoulou , N. Zamiatin , A. Zarubin , P. Zehetner , D. Zerwas , H. Zhang , J. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Z. Zhang , X. Zhao