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Variational approximation has been widely used in large-scale Bayesian inference recently, the simplest kind of which involves imposing a mean field assumption to approximate complicated latent structures. Despite the computational…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Purnamrita Sarkar , Y. X. Rachel Wang , Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee

There have thousands of crimes are happening daily all around. But people keep statistics only few of them, therefore crime rates are increasing day by day. The reason behind can be less concern or less statistics of previous crimes. It is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Jumman Hossain , Rajib Chandra Das , Md. Ruhul Amin , Md. Saiful Islam

Motivated by the forensic problem of determining the strength of evidence of a continuously distributed measurement of evidence, in the situation of composite hypotheses of the prosecutor and the defence concerning a parameter of a…

Applications · Statistics 2018-02-02 Bert van Es

This expository paper advocates an approach to physics in which ``typicality" is identified with a suitable form of algorithmic randomness. To this end various theorems from mathematics and physics are reviewed. Their original versions…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Klaas Landsman

The conjugacy problem for a finitely generated group $G$ is the two-variable problem of deciding for an arbitrary pair $(u,v)$ of elements of $G$, whether or not $u$ is conjugate to $v$ in $G$. We construct examples of finitely generated,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-03 Alexei Miasnikov , Paul E. Schupp

Conditional identity in distribution (Berti et al. (2004)) is a new type of dependence for random variables, which generalizes the well-known notion of exchangeability. In this paper, a class of random sequences, called Generalized Species…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-06-18 Federico Bassetti , Irene Crimaldi , Fabrizio Leisen

Learning the unknown causal parameters of a linear structural causal model is a fundamental task in causal analysis. The task, known as the problem of identification, asks to estimate the parameters of the model from a combination of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Julian Dörfler , Benito van der Zander , Markus Bläser , Maciej Liskiewicz

The concept of typicality refers to properties holding for the "overwhelming majority" of cases and is a fundamental idea of the qualitative approach to dynamical problems. We argue that measure-theoretical typicality would be the adequate…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sergio B. Volchan

We give explicit formulas for ruin probabilities in a multidimensional Generalized Gambler's ruin problem. The generalization is best interpreted as a game of one player against $d$ other players, allowing arbitrary winning and losing…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-26 Paweł Lorek

We give a distributed algorithm in the {\sf CONGEST} model for property testing of planarity with one-sided error in general (unbounded-degree) graphs. Following Censor-Hillel et al. (DISC 2016), who recently initiated the study of property…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Reut Levi , Moti Medina , Dana Ron

The disjunction effect in human decision making is often taken to show that the classical law of total probability is violated, motivating quantum-like models. We re-examine this claim for the Prisoner's Dilemma disjunction effect. Under…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-25 Ryo Nasu , Yoshihiro Maruyama

In this paper, we present a novel approach to predict crime in a geographic space from multiple data sources, in particular mobile phone and demographic data. The main contribution of the proposed approach lies in using aggregated and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-09-11 Andrey Bogomolov , Bruno Lepri , Jacopo Staiano , Nuria Oliver , Fabio Pianesi , Alex Pentland

We show that Naming-- the existence of distinct IDs known to all-- is a hidden but necessary assumption of Herlihy's universality result for Consensus. We then show in a very precise sense that Naming is harder than Consensus and bring to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Harry Buhrman , Alessandro Panconesi , Riccardo Silvestri , Paul Vitanyi

Causal inference is made challenging by confounding, selection bias, and other complications. A common approach to addressing these difficulties is the inclusion of auxiliary data on the superpopulation of interest. Such data may measure a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-16 Jaron J. R. Lee , AmirEmad Ghassami , Ilya Shpitser

In this paper I present a mathematically novel approach to the Prisoner's Dilemma. I do so by first defining recursively a distinct action type, what I call 'universalizing', that I add to the original prisoner's dilemma. Such a modified…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2015-10-05 Paul Studtmann

In this paper, we discuss computational aspects to obtain accurate inferences for the parameters of the generalized gamma (GG) distribution. Usually, the solution of the maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) for the GG distribution have no…

Computation · Statistics 2017-07-26 Jorge Alberto Achcar , Pedro Luiz Ramos , Edson Zangiacomi Martinez

Recently, due to the booming influence of online social networks, detecting fake news is drawing significant attention from both academic communities and general public. In this paper, we consider the existence of confounding variables in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Bo Ni , Zhichun Guo , Jianing Li , Meng Jiang

DNA databases are widely used in forensic science to identify unknown offenders. When no exact match is found, familial DNA searches can help by identifying first-degree relatives using likelihood ratios. If multiple subpopulations are…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-08 Monchai Kooakachai , Tiwakorn Chapalee , Chairat Thitiyan , Patsaya Jumnongwut

Clustering is a crucial task in various domains of knowledge, including medicine, epidemiology, genomics, environmental science, economics, and visual sciences, among others. Methodologies for inferring the number of clusters have often…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-26 Clara Grazian

To make sense of the world around us, we develop models, constructed to enable us to replicate, describe, and explain the behaviours we see. Focusing on the broad case of sequences of correlated random variables, i.e., classical stochastic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Paul M. Riechers , Thomas J. Elliott