Related papers: Forensic Identification: Database likelihood ratio…
It is now widely accepted that forensic DNA profiles are rare, so it was a surprise to some people that different people represented in offender databases are being found to have the same profile. In the first place this is just an…
This paper presents a probabilistic approach for DNA sequence analysis. A DNA sequence consists of an arrangement of the four nucleotides A, C, T and G and different representation schemes are presented according to a probability measure…
The likelihood ratio (LR) measures the relative weight of forensic data regarding two hypotheses. Several levels of uncertainty arise if frequentist methods are chosen for its assessment: the assumed population model only approximates the…
Retrieval of family members in the wild aims at finding family members of the given subject in the dataset, which is useful in finding the lost children and analyzing the kinship. However, due to the diversity in age, gender, pose and…
Matching households and individuals across different databases poses challenges due to the lack of unique identifiers, typographical errors, and changes in attributes over time. Record linkage tools play a crucial role in overcoming these…
The evaluation of a match between the DNA profile of a stain found on a crime scene and that of a suspect (previously identified) involves the use of the unknown parameter $p=(p_1, p_2, ...)$, (the ordered vector which represents the…
A pedigree is a directed graph that describes how individuals are related through ancestry in a sexually-reproducing population. In this paper we explore the question of whether one can reconstruct a pedigree by just observing sequence data…
Similarity search (nearest neighbor search) is a problem of pursuing the data items whose distances to a query item are the smallest from a large database. Various methods have been developed to address this problem, and recently a lot of…
Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA profiles have been used as evidence in courts for decades, yet the problem of evaluating the weight of evidence has not been adequately resolved. Both are lineage markers (inherited from just one parent),…
For decades, forensic statisticians have debated whether searching large DNA databases undermines the evidential value of a match. Modern surveillance faces an exponentially harder problem: screening populations across thousands of…
Whole and targeted sequencing of human genomes is a promising, increasingly feasible tool for discovering genetic contributions to risk of complex diseases. A key step is calling an individual's genotype from the multiple aligned short read…
Driven by the popularity of television shows such as Who Do You Think You Are? many millions of users have uploaded their family tree to web projects such as WikiTree. Analysis of this corpus enables us to investigate genealogy…
Kinship verification and kinship retrieval are emerging tasks in computer vision. Kinship verification aims at determining whether two facial images are from related people or not, while kinship retrieval is the task of retrieving possible…
Recognizing blood relations using face images can be seen as an application of face recognition systems with additional restrictions. These restrictions proved to be difficult to deal with, however, recent advancements in face verification…
Consider the following problem: given a database of records indexed by names (e.g., name of companies, restaurants, businesses, or universities) and a new name, determine whether the new name is in the database, and if so, which record it…
A phylogenetic tree is an important way in Bioinformatics to find the evolutionary relationship among biological species. In this research, a proposed model is described for the estimation of a phylogenetic tree for a given set of data. To…
In the present work, we review the fundamental methods which have been developed in the last few years for classifying into families and clans the distribution of amino acids in protein databases. This is done through functions of random…
The likelihood ratio (LR) is a commonly used measure for determining the strength of forensic match evidence. When a forensic expert determines a high LR for DNA found at a crime scene matching the DNA profile of a suspect they typically…
We consider the problem of detecting and estimating the strength of association between a trait of interest and alleles or haplotypes in a small genomic region (e.g. a gene or a gene complex), when no direct information on that region is…
Sorting is a fundamental computational process, which facilitates subsequent searching of a database. It can be thought of as factorisation of the search process. The location of a desired item in a sorted database can be found by classical…