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A graph $G$ is called a complete $k$-partite ($k\geq 2$) graph if its vertices can be partitioned into $k$ independent sets $V_{1},...,V_{k}$ such that each vertex in $V_{i}$ is adjacent to all the other vertices in $V_{j}$ for $1\leq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Petros A. Petrosyan

A proper vertex coloring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of color classes differ by at most one. The equitable chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted by $\chi_=(G)$, is the minimum $k$ such that $G$ is equitably $k$-colorable. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-17 Zhidan Yan , Wei Wang

In this paper we introduce and study a new problem named \emph{min-max edge $q$-coloring} which is motivated by applications in wireless mesh networks. The input of the problem consists of an undirected graph and an integer $q$. The goal is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-02-15 Tommi Larjomaa , Alexandru Popa

A graph $G$ is equitably $k$-colorable if its vertices can be partitioned into $k$ independent sets in such a way that the number of vertices in any two sets differ by at most one. The smallest integer $k$ for which such a coloring exists…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-04-21 Hanna Furmańczyk , Marek Kubale

We study the weighted improper coloring problem, a generalization of defective coloring. We present some hardness results and in particular we show that weighted improper coloring is not fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-09-02 Bjarki Ágúst Guðmundsson , Tómas Ken Magnússon , Björn Orri Sæmundsson

Consider a coloring of a graph such that each vertex is assigned a fraction of each color, with the total amount of colors at each vertex summing to $1$. We define the fractional defect of a vertex $v$ to be the sum of the overlaps with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-11 Wayne Goddard , Honghai Xu

For a proper vertex coloring $c$ of a graph $G$, let $\varphi_c(G)$ denote the maximum, over all induced subgraphs $H$ of $G$, the difference between the chromatic number $\chi(H)$ and the number of colors used by $c$ to color $H$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-19 N. R. Aravind , Subrahmanyam Kalyanasundaram , R. B. Sandeep , Naveen Sivadasan

The $H$-Coloring problem is a well-known generalization of the classical NP-complete problem $k$-Coloring where the task is to determine whether an input graph admits a homomorphism to the template graph $H$. This problem has been the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Ambroise Baril , Miguel Couceiro , Victor Lagerkvist

In a connected simple graph G = (V,E), each vertex of V is colored by a color from the set of colors C={c1, c2,..., c_{\alpha}}$. We take a subset S of V, such that for every vertex v in V\S, at least one vertex of the same color is present…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Bubai Manna

We investigate the classical and distributed complexity of \emph{$k$-partial $c$-coloring} where $c=k$, a natural generalization of Brooks' theorem where each vertex should be colored from the palette $\{1,\ldots,c\} = \{1,\ldots,k\}$ such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jan Bok , Avinandan Das , Anna Gujgiczer , Nikola Jedličková

For a graph $F$, a graph $G$ is \emph{$F$-free} if it does not contain an induced subgraph isomorphic to $F$. For two graphs $G$ and $H$, an \emph{$H$-coloring} of $G$ is a mapping $f:V(G)\rightarrow V(H)$ such that for every edge $uv\in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Maria Chudnovsky , Shenwei Huang , Paweł Rzążewski , Sophie Spirkl , Mingxian Zhong

The \emph{thinness} of a graph is a width parameter that generalizes some properties of interval graphs, which are exactly the graphs of thinness one. Graphs with thinness at most two include, for example, bipartite convex graphs. Many…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Flavia Bonomo-Braberman , Gastón Abel Brito

Given an $n$-vertex graph $G$ and two positive integers $d,k \in \mathbb{N}$, the ($d,kn$)-differential coloring problem asks for a coloring of the vertices of $G$ (if one exists) with distinct numbers from 1 to $kn$ (treated as…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-10-03 Michael Bekos , Stephen Kobourov , Michael Kaufmann , Sankar Veeramoni

The generalized list $T$-coloring is a common generalization of many graph coloring models, including classical coloring, $L(p,q)$-labeling, channel assignment and $T$-coloring. Every vertex from the input graph has a list of permitted…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-12-04 Konstanty Junosza-Szaniawski , Paweł Rzążewski

We study the graph coloring problem over random graphs of finite average connectivity $c$. Given a number $q$ of available colors, we find that graphs with low connectivity admit almost always a proper coloring whereas graphs with high…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Braunstein , R. Mulet , A. Pagnani , M. Weigt , R. Zecchina

A mixed graph has a set of vertices, a set of undirected egdes, and a set of directed arcs. A proper coloring of a mixed graph $G$ is a function $c$ that assigns to each vertex in $G$ a positive integer such that, for each edge $uv$ in $G$,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Grzegorz Gutowski , Florian Mittelstädt , Ignaz Rutter , Joachim Spoerhase , Alexander Wolff , Johannes Zink

The \emph{chromatic number} of a hypergraph is the smallest number of colors needed to color the vertices such that no edge of at least two vertices is monochromatic. Given a family of geometric objects $\mathcal{F}$ that covers a subset…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Gábor Damásdi , Balázs Keszegh , János Pach , Dömötör Pálvölgyi , Géza Tóth

Let $k$ be an integer. Two vertex $k$-colorings of a graph are \emph{adjacent} if they differ on exactly one vertex. A graph is \emph{$k$-mixing} if any proper $k$-coloring can be transformed into any other through a sequence of adjacent…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-03-26 Marthe Bonamy , Nicolas Bousquet

An edge-coloring of a graph $G$ with colors $1,...,t$ is called an interval $t$-coloring if all colors are used, and the colors of edges incident to any vertex of $G$ are distinct and form an interval of integers. In 1991 Erd\H{o}s…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-21 Petros A. Petrosyan , Hrant H. Khachatrian

A well-studied coloring problem is to assign colors to the edges of a graph $G$ so that, for every pair of vertices, all edges of at least one shortest path between them receive different colors. The minimum number of colors necessary in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-17 L. Sunil Chandran , Anita Das , Davis Issac , Erik Jan van Leeuwen