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Related papers: Contrasting Probabilistic Scoring Rules

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We construct a model of expert prediction where predictions can influence the state of the world. Under this model, we show through theoretical and numerical results that proper scoring rules can incentivize experts to manipulate the world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Alan Chan

I introduce a model of predictive scoring. A receiver wants to predict a sender's quality. An intermediary observes multiple features of the sender and aggregates them into a score. Based on the score, the receiver makes a decision. The…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-05-17 Ian Ball

What does it mean to say that, for example, the probability for rain tomorrow is between 20% and 30%? The theory for the evaluation of precise probabilistic forecasts is well-developed and is grounded in the key concepts of proper scoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Christian Fröhlich , Robert C. Williamson

Operational earthquake forecasting for risk management and communication during seismic sequences depends on our ability to select an optimal forecasting model. To do this, we need to compare the performance of competing models with each…

Applications · Statistics 2022-04-20 Francesco Serafini , Mark Naylor , Finn Lindgren , Maximilian Werner , Ian Main

We give an overview of some uses of proper scoring rules in statistical inference, including frequentist estimation theory and Bayesian model selection with improper priors.

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-28 A. Philip Dawid , Monica Musio

Scoring rules assess the quality of probabilistic forecasts, by assigning a numerical score based on the predictive distribution and on the event or value that materializes. A scoring rule is proper if it encourages truthful reporting. It…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-01 Werner Ehm , Tilmann Gneiting

Proper scoring rules are an essential tool to assess the predictive performance of probabilistic forecasts. However, propriety alone does not ensure an informative characterization of predictive performance and it is recommended to compare…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-14 Romain Pic , Clément Dombry , Philippe Naveau , Maxime Taillardat

Averages of proper scoring rules are often used to rank probabilistic forecasts. In many cases, the individual terms in these averages are based on observations and forecasts from different distributions. We show that some of the most…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-29 David Bolin , Jonas Wallin

Decision trees built with data remain in widespread use for nonparametric prediction. Predicting probability distributions is preferred over point predictions when uncertainty plays a prominent role in analysis and decision-making. We study…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-21 Sara Shashaani , Ozge Surer , Matthew Plumlee , Seth Guikema

Proper scoring rules are commonly applied to quantify the accuracy of distribution forecasts. Given an observation they assign a scalar score to each distribution forecast, with the the lowest expected score attributed to the true…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-01 Carol Alexander , Michael Coulon , Yang Han , Xiaochun Meng

Scoring rules are an established way of comparing predictive performances across model classes. In the context of survival analysis, they require adaptation in order to accommodate censoring. This work investigates using scoring rules for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Philipp Kopper , David Rügamer , Raphael Sonabend , Bernd Bischl , Andreas Bender

It is well known that accurate probabilistic predictors can be trained through empirical risk minimisation with proper scoring rules as loss functions. While such learners capture so-called aleatoric uncertainty of predictions, various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Viktor Bengs , Eyke Hüllermeier , Willem Waegeman

This note proposes a penalty criterion for assessing correct score forecasting in a soccer match. The penalty is based on hierarchical priorities for such a forecast i.e., i) Win, Draw and Loss exact prediction and ii) normalized Euclidian…

Applications · Statistics 2018-06-06 Jean-Louis Foulley , Gilles Celeux

In the face of uncertainty, the need for probabilistic assessments has long been recognized in the literature on forecasting. In classification, however, comparative evaluation of classifiers often focuses on predictions specifying a single…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-31 Johannes Resin

This study introduces novel superior scoring rules called Penalized Brier Score (PBS) and Penalized Logarithmic Loss (PLL) to improve model evaluation for probabilistic classification. Traditional scoring rules like Brier Score and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Rouhollah Ahmadian , Mehdi Ghatee , Johan Wahlström

Scoring rules are an important tool for evaluating the performance of probabilistic forecasting schemes. In the binary case, scoring rules (which are strictly proper) allow for a decomposition into terms related to the resolution and to the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jochen Bröcker

All proper scoring rules incentivize an expert to predict \emph{accurately} (report their true estimate), but not all proper scoring rules equally incentivize \emph{precision}. Rather than treating the expert's belief as exogenously given,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Eric Neyman , Georgy Noarov , S. Matthew Weinberg

A scoring rule is a loss function measuring the quality of a quoted probability distribution $Q$ for a random variable $X$, in the light of the realized outcome $x$ of $X$; it is proper if the expected score, under any distribution $P$ for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-01 A. Philip Dawid , Steffen Lauritzen , Matthew Parry

We address the problem of uncertainty quantification and propose measures of total, aleatoric, and epistemic uncertainty based on a known decomposition of (strictly) proper scoring rules, a specific type of loss function, into a divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Paul Hofman , Yusuf Sale , Eyke Hüllermeier

State-of-the-art results in typical classification tasks are mostly achieved by unexplainable machine learning methods, like deep neural networks, for instance. Contrarily, in this paper, we investigate the application of rule learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Albert Nössig , Tobias Hell , Georg Moser