Related papers: Bijective Term Encodings
ProFIT is an extension of Standard Prolog with Features, Inheritance and Templates. ProFIT allows the programmer or grammar developer to declare an inheritance hierarchy, features and templates. Sorted feature terms can be used in ProFIT…
A code of the natural numbers is a uniquely-decodable binary code of the natural numbers with non-decreasing codeword lengths, which satisfies Kraft's inequality tightly. We define a natural partial order on the set of codes, and show how…
LangPro is an automated theorem prover for natural language (https://github.com/kovvalsky/LangPro). Given a set of premises and a hypothesis, it is able to prove semantic relations between them. The prover is based on a version of analytic…
In this paper we develop a formal system called Natural Term Logic (NTL). NTL aims to represent key aspects of the logical and grammatical mechanisms of natural language as well as grammatical transformations which preserve core logical…
Improving our understanding of how information is encoded in vector space can yield valuable interpretability insights. Alongside vector dimensions, we argue that it is possible for the vector norm to also carry linguistic information. We…
It is shown how to endow a hierarchy of sets of binary patterns with the structure of an abstract,normed C*-algebra. In the course we also recover an intermediate connection with the words of a Dyck language and Tempereley-Lieb algebras for…
Many automatic theorem provers are restricted to untyped logics, and existing translations from typed logics are bulky or unsound. Recent research proposes monotonicity as a means to remove some clutter when translating monomorphic to…
For most algorithms dealing with sets of points in the plane, the only relevant information carried by the input is the combinatorial configuration of the points: the orientation of each triple of points in the set (clockwise,…
Recent work has shown that the input-output behavior of some machine learning systems can be captured symbolically using Boolean expressions or tractable Boolean circuits, which facilitates reasoning about the behavior of these systems.…
An argument can be seen as a pair consisting of a set of premises and a claim supported by them. Arguments used by humans are often enthymemes, i.e., some premises are implicit. To better understand, evaluate, and compare enthymemes, it is…
We propose a special-purpose class of compression algorithms for efficient compression of Prolog programs. It is a dictionary-based compression method, specially designed for the compression of Prolog code, and therefore we name it PCA…
Every encoding has priori information if the encoding represents any semantic information of the unverse or object. Encoding means mapping from the unverse to the string or strings of digits. The semantic here is used in the model-theoretic…
The programming language Prolog makes declarative programming possible, at least to a substantial extent. Programs may be written and reasoned about in terms of their declarative semantics. All the advantages of declarative programming are…
Conditional text generation often requires lexical constraints, i.e., which words should or shouldn't be included in the output text. While the dominant recipe for conditional text generation has been large-scale pretrained language models…
We consider representing of natural numbers by expressions using 1's, addition, multiplication and parentheses. $\left\| n \right\|$ denotes the minimum number of 1's in the expressions representing $n$. The logarithmic complexity $\left\|…
This paper introduces a binary encoding that supports arbitrarily large, small and precise decimals. It completely preserves information and order. It does not rely on any arbitrary use-case-based choice of calibration and is readily…
A cryptarithm (or alphametic) is a mathematical puzzle in which numbers are represented with words in such a way that identical letters stand for equal digits and distinct letters for unequal digits. An alphametic puzzle is usually given in…
We prime-encode the natural numbers via recursive factorisation, iterated to the exponents, generating a corpus of planar rooted trees equivalently represented as Dyck words. This forms a deterministic text endowed with internal rules.…
A logic program is an executable specification. For example, merge sort in pure Prolog is a logical formula, yet shows creditable performance on long linked lists. But such executable specifications are a compromise: the logic is distorted…
Probing is widely used to study which features can be decoded from language model representations. However, the common decoding probe approach has two limitations that we aim to solve with our new encoding probe approach: contributions of…