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We calculate a general effective stress-energy tensor induced by cosmological inhomogeneity in effective theories of gravity where the action is Taylor-expandable in the Riemann tensor and covariant derivatives of the Riemann tensor. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-19 Anthony W. H. Preston

Structure occurs over a vast range of scales in the universe. Our large-scale cosmological models are coarse-grained representations of what exists, which have much less structure than there really is. An important problem for cosmology is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-05 Chris Clarkson , George Ellis , Julien Larena , Obinna Umeh

Modelling structure formation across the full dynamical range of the Universe remains a major challenge in cosmology. This difficulty originates from a fundamental limitation of geodesics in general relativity: a one-parameter family of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-16 Obinna Umeh

We propose that the size of the universe and its rate of expansion cannot be simultaneously specified with arbitrary precision, a quantum mechanical statement encoded in a deformed commutation relation for the scale factor. The deformation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-15 Savvas M. Koushiappas

We calculate the back-reaction of long wavelength cosmological perturbations on a general relativistic measure of the local expansion rate of the Universe. Specifically, we consider a cosmological model in which matter is described by two…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-18 Ghazal Geshnizjani , Robert Brandenberger

We discuss the evolution of linear perturbations about a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker background metric, using only the local conservation of energy-momentum. We show that on sufficiently large scales the curvature perturbation on spatial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 David Wands , Karim A. Malik , David H. Lyth , Andrew R. Liddle

We consider nonlinear redshift-dependent equation of state parameters as dark energy models in a spatially flat Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker universe. To depict the expansion history of the universe in such cosmological scenarios,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-02-06 Weiqiang Yang , Supriya Pan , Andronikos Paliathanasis

The first principles analysis of the radiation by an arbitrary source in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker space-time is presented. The obtained analytical solution explicitly shows that the cosmological redshift is not of kinematic origin…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-07-03 Neil V. Budko

We investigate the effect that the average backreaction of structure formation has on the dynamics of the cosmological expansion, within the concordance model. Our approach in the Poisson gauge is fully consistent up to second-order in a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-05 Chris Clarkson , Kishore Ananda , Julien Larena

One of the outstanding problems in general relativistic cosmology is that of the averaging. That is, how the lumpy universe that we observe at small scales averages out to a smooth Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model. The root…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-21 Tharake Wijenayake , Weikang Lin , Mustapha Ishak

We reformulate the averaged Einstein equations in a form suitable for use with Newtonian gauge linear perturbation theory and track the size of the modifications to standard Robertson-Walker evolution on the largest scales as a function of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Juliane Behrend , Iain A. Brown , Georg Robbers

Inspired by the entropy-area relation of black hole thermodynamics, we study the thermodynamics of cosmological apparent horizon in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe in the framework of an Extended Uncertainty…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-29 Maryam Roushan , Narges Rashidi , Kourosh Nozari

Cosmological backreaction has been suggested as an explanation of dark energy and is heavily disputed since. We combine cosmological perturbation theory with Buchert's non-perturbative framework, calculate the relevant averaged observables…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Nan Li , Dominik J. Schwarz

A range of cosmological observations demonstrate an accelerated expansion of the Universe, and the most likely explanation of this phenomenon is a cosmological constant. Given the importance of understanding the underlying physics, it is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-07 Karoline Loeve , Kristine Simone Nielsen , Steen H. Hansen

The main objective of this manuscript is to investigate the bouncing cosmology in the background of $f(\mathcal{Q})$ gravity, where $\mathcal{Q}$ defines the non-metricity. For this purpose, we use the reconstruction approach and consider a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-02 M. Sharif , M. Zeeshan Gul , Nusrat Fatima

We present a formalism for spatial averaging in cosmology applicable to general spacetimes and coordinates, and allowing the easy incorporation of a wide variety of matter sources. We apply this formalism to a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-04 Iain A. Brown , Juliane Behrend , Karim A. Malik

It is well-known that spacetime averaging is an operation that does not commute with building the Einstein tensor. In the framework of Macroscopic gravity (MG), a covariant averaging procedure, this non-commutativity gives averaged field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-28 Anish Agashe , Mustapha Ishak

Astrophysical observations provide a picture of the universe as a 4-dim homogeneous and isotropic flat space-time dominated by an unknown form of dark energy. To achieve such a cosmology one has to consider in the early universe an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Canfora , A. Troisi

For general relativistic spacetimes filled with irrotational `dust' a generalized form of Friedmann's equations for an `effective' expansion factor $a_D (t)$ of inhomogeneous cosmologies is derived. Contrary to the standard Friedmann…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Thomas Buchert

We constructed a simple cosmological model which approximates the Einstein-de Sitter background with periodically distributed dust inhomogeneities. By taking the metric as a power series up to the third order in some perturbative parameter…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-01 Szymon Sikora , Krzysztof Głód