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We present a review and discussions on characterizations and quantifications of macroscopic quantum states as well as their implementations and applications in optical systems. We compare and criticize different measures proposed to define…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-24 Hyunseok Jeong , Minsu Kang , Hyukjoon Kwon

We propose a quantum cloning machine, which clones a qubit into two clones assuming known modulus of expectation value of Pauli Z-matrix. The process is referred to as the mirror phase-covariant cloning, for which the input state is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-10 Karol Bartkiewicz , Adam Miranowicz , Şahin Kaya Özdemir

We propose efficient algorithms for classically simulating Gaussian unitaries and measurements applied to non-Gaussian initial states. The constructions are based on decomposing the non-Gaussian states into linear combinations of Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Oliver Hahn , Ryuji Takagi , Giulia Ferrini , Hayata Yamasaki

Scientists in quantum technology aspire to quantum advantage: a computational result unattainable with classical computers. Gaussian boson sampling experiment has been already claimed to achieve this goal. In this setup squeezed light…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-08 A. S. Popova , A. N. Rubtsov

We consider fundamental limits on the detectable size of macroscopic quantum superpositions. We argue that a full quantum mechanical treatment of system plus measurement device is required, and that a (classical) reference frame for phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-27 M. Skotiniotis , W. Dür , P. Sekatski

We introduce two kinds of quantum algorithms to explore microcanonical and canonical properties of many-body systems. The first one is a hybrid quantum algorithm that, given an efficiently preparable state, computes expectation values in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-19 Sirui Lu , Mari Carmen Bañuls , J. Ignacio Cirac

Quantum entanglement is the quintessence of quantum information processing mostly limited to the microscopic regime governed by Heisenberg uncertainty principle. For practical applications, however, macroscopic entanglement gives great…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Byoung S. Ham

Gaussian quantum mechanics is a powerful tool regularly used in quantum optics to model linear and quadratic Hamiltonians efficiently. Recent interest in qubit-CV hybrid models has revealed a simple, yet important gap in our knowledge,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 Nicholas Funai

We show that all Macroscopic Quantum Superpositions (MQS) based on phase-covariant quantum cloning are characterized by an anomalous high resilence to the de-coherence processes. The analysis supports the results of recent MQS experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Francesco De Martini , Fabio Sciarrino , Nicolo' Spagnolo

In this paper we introduce a simple procedure for computing the macroscopic quantum behaviour of periodic quantum systems in the high energy regime. The macroscopic quantum coherence is ascribed to a one-particle state, not to a condensate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 A. Martín-Ruiz , J. Bernal , Adrián Carbajal-Domínguez

We analyze in details a scheme for cloning of Gaussian states based on linear optical components and homodyne detection recently demonstrated by U. L. Andersen et al. [PRL 94 240503 (2005)]. The input-output fidelity is evaluated for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Stefano Olivares , Matteo G. A. Paris , Ulrik L. Andersen

To better understand quantum computation we can search for its limits or no-gos, especially if analogous limits do not appear in classical computation. Classical computation easily implements and extensively employs the addition of two bit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Zuzana Gavorová

Models of physics beyond the Standard Model often contain a large number of parameters. These form a high-dimensional space that is computationally intractable to fully explore. Experimental constraints project onto a subspace of viable…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-05 Jacob Hollingsworth , Michael Ratz , Philip Tanedo , Daniel Whiteson

By introducing Crossing functions and hyper-parameters I show that the Bayesian interpretation of the Crossing Statistics [1] can be used trivially for the purpose of model selection among cosmological models. In this approach to falsify a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-05-24 Arman Shafieloo

The high resilience to de-coherence shown by a recently discovered Macroscopic Quantum Superposition (MQS) generated by a quantum injected optical parametric amplifier (QI-OPA) and involving a number of photons in excess of 5x10^4 motivates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Francesco De Martini , Fabio Sciarrino , Nicolo' Spagnolo

The cloning of quantum variables with continuous spectra is investigated. We define a Gaussian 1-to-2 cloning machine, which copies equally well two conjugate variables such as position and momentum or the two quadrature components of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 N. J. Cerf , S. Iblisdir , G. Van Assche

Optomechanics is currently believed to provide a promising route towards the achievement of genuine quantum effects at the large, massive-system scale. By using a recently proposed figure of merit that is well suited to address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-30 A. Carlisle , H. Kwon , H. Jeong , A. Ferraro , M. Paternostro

We propose efficient classical algorithms which (strongly) simulate the action of bosonic linear optics circuits applied to superpositions of Gaussian states. Our approach relies on an augmented covariance matrix formalism to keep track of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Beatriz Dias , Robert Koenig

Efficient encoding of classical data into quantum state -- currently referred to as quantum encoding -- holds crucial significance in quantum computation. For finite-size databases and qubit registers, a common strategy of the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Jaehee Kim , Taewan Kim , Kyunghyun Baek , Yongsoo Hwang , Joonsuk Huh , Jeongho Bang

The cloning of continuous quantum variables is analyzed based on the concept of Gaussian cloning machines, i.e., transformations that yield copies that are Gaussian mixtures centered on the state to be copied. The optimality of Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 N. J. Cerf , S. Iblisdir