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A pair-density-wave (PDW) is a novel superconducting state with an oscillating order parameter. A microscopic mechanism that can give rise to it has been long sought but has not yet been established by any controlled calculation. Here we…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-02-07 Kevin S. Huang , Zhaoyu Han , Steven A. Kivelson , Hong Yao

We show that the pair-density-wave (PDW) superconducting state emergent in extended Heisenberg-Hubbard models in two-leg ladders is topological in the presence of an Ising spin symmetry and supports a Majorana zero mode (MZM) at an open…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-12-22 Gil Young Cho , Rodrigo Soto-Garrido , Eduardo Fradkin

Pair-density-wave (PDW) is a long-sought exotic state with oscillating superconducting order without external magnetic field. So far it has been rare in establishing a 2D microscopic model with PDW long-range order in its ground state. Here…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-10-29 Yi-Fan Jiang , Hong Yao

Pair density wave (PDW) is a distinct superconducting state characterized by a periodic modulation of its order parameter in real space. Its intricate interplay with the charge density wave (CDW) state is a continuing topic of interest in…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-09-04 Lu Cao , Yucheng Xue , Yingbo Wang , Fu-Chun Zhang , Jian Kang , Hong-Jun Gao , Jinhai Mao , Yuhang Jiang

Motivated by the pair-density-wave (PDW) state found in the one-dimensional Kondo-Heisenberg chain, we report on a determinant quantum Monte Carlo DQMC study of pair-fields for a two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard layer coupled to an…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-10-10 Fangze Liu , Xu-Xin Huang , Edwin W. Huang , Brian Moritz , Thomas P. Devereaux

Pair density waves (PDW) are novel forms of superconducting states that exhibit periodically modulated pairing. A remaining challenge is to elucidate how intrinsic PDW order can emerge robustly in strongly correlated electrons. Here we…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-12-09 Hao-Xin Wang , Yi-Jian Hu , Wen Huang , Hong Yao

A pair density wave (PDW) is a superconductor whose order parameter is a periodic function of space, without an accompanying spatially-uniform component. Since PDWs are not the outcome of a weak-coupling instability of a Fermi liquid, a…

Superconductivity · Physics 2023-01-25 Yi-Ming Wu , P. A. Nosov , Aavishkar A. Patel , S. Raghu

A pair density wave (PDW) is a superconducting (SC) state with spatially modulated order parameter. Although much is known about the properties of the PDW state, its realization in microscopic models with divergent susceptibility has been…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-06-21 Hong-Chen Jiang

We report the discovery of a generalized Luther-Emery liquid phase characterized by incommensurate pair-density-wave (iC-PDW) correlations in the two-leg $t$-$J$-$J_\perp$ ladder model. By tuning the potential difference between the legs,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-06 Hanbit Oh , Julian May-Mann , Ya-Hui Zhang

Interior-gap superconductivity has long been discussed as an exotic paired state in the presence of Fermi-surface mismatch, but its realization in canonical strongly correlated models has remained elusive. Here we present evidence that the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-01 Yuto Hirose , Shunsuke C. Furuya , Yasuhiro Tada

The pair density wave (PDW) is a novel superconducting state with non-zero center-of-mass momentum Cooper pairing in the absence of external magnetic fields. Its realization in microscopic models as the ground state is very rare and…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-04-07 Han-Yang Liu , Da Wang , Ziqiang Wang , Qiang-Hua Wang

In underdoped cuprates, the interplay of the pseudogap, superconductivity, and charge and spin ordering can give rise to exotic quantum states, including the pair density wave (PDW), in which the superconducting (SC) order parameter is…

Superconductivity · Physics 2021-10-25 Zhenzhong Shi , P. G. Baity , J. Terzic , T. Sasagawa , Dragana Popović

We numerically investigate the telltale signs of pair-density-wave order (PDW) in the Kondo-Heisenberg chain by focusing on the momentum resolved spectrum in different parameter regimes. Density matrix renormalization group calculations…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-27 Luhang Yang , Elbio Dagotto , Adrian E. Feiguin

We provide a quasi-one-dimensional model which can support a pair-density-wave (PDW) state, in which the superconducting (SC) order parameter modulates periodically in space, with gapless Bogoliubov quasiparticle excitations. The model…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-05-07 Rodrigo Soto-Garrido , Gil Young Cho , Eduardo Fradkin

The pair density wave (PDW) superconducting state has been proposed to explain the layer- decoupling effect observed in the compound La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$CuO$_4$ at $x=1/8$ (Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 127003). In this state the superconducting order…

Superconductivity · Physics 2017-06-07 Rodrigo Soto-Garrido , Yuxuan Wang , Eduardo Fradkin , S. Lance Cooper

Pair-density waves (PDW) are superconducting states that spontaneously break translation symmetry in systems with time-reversal symmetry (TRS). Evidence for PDW has been seen in several recent experiments, as well as in the pseudogap regime…

Superconductivity · Physics 2023-08-02 Daniel Shaffer , Luiz H. Santos

We report the numerical discovery of a pair-density-wave (PDW) superconductor from doping either (i) a spin-one Haldane chain or (ii) a two-leg ladder in the rung singlet phase in which the doped charges occupy a single leg. We model these…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-07-20 Ya-Hui Zhang , Ashvin Vishwanath

Recent advances in experiment and theory suggest that superfluid $^3$He under planar confinement may form a pair density wave (PDW) whereby superfluid and crystalline orders coexist. While a natural candidate for this phase is a…

Superconductivity · Physics 2022-01-10 Pramodh Senarath Yapa , Rufus Boyack , Joseph Maciejko

The quest to understand the nature of superconductivity in cuprates has spotlighted the pair density wave (PDW) -- a superconducting state characterized by a spatially modulated order parameter. Despite significant advances in understanding…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-09-22 Hong-Chen Jiang , Thomas Peter Devereaux

Pair density wave (PDW) states are defined by a spatially modulating superconductive order-parameter. To search for such states in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) we use high-speed atomic-resolution scanned Josephson-tunneling…

Superconductivity · Physics 2021-06-29 Xiaolong Liu , Yi Xue Chong , Rahul Sharma , J. C. Séamus Davis
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