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Gaussian processes are machine learning models capable of learning unknown functions in a way that represents uncertainty, thereby facilitating construction of optimal decision-making systems. Motivated by a desire to deploy Gaussian…

We consider performing simulation experiments in the presence of covariates. Here, covariates refer to some input information other than system designs to the simulation model that can also affect the system performance. To make decisions,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-28 Cheng Li , Siyang Gao , Jianzhong Du

Complex computer codes are often too time expensive to be directly used to perform uncertainty propagation studies, global sensitivity analysis or to solve optimization problems. A well known and widely used method to circumvent this…

Applications · Statistics 2008-04-06 Amandine Marrel , Bertrand Iooss , Francois Van Dorpe , Elena Volkova

We develop a framework for Gaussian processes regression constrained by boundary value problems. The framework may be applied to infer the solution of a well-posed boundary value problem with a known second-order differential operator and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Mamikon Gulian , Ari Frankel , Laura Swiler

We discuss recent developments regarding the use of kernels in complex Langevin simulations. In particular, we outline how a kernel can be used to solve the problem of wrong convergence in a simple toy model. Since conventional correctness…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-12-17 Michael Mandl , Erhard Seiler , Dénes Sexty

Gaussian processes are a powerful framework for uncertainty-aware function approximation and sequential decision-making. Unfortunately, their classical formulation does not scale gracefully to large amounts of data and modern hardware for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Jihao Andreas Lin

Gaussian processes (GPs) are used to make medical and scientific decisions, including in cardiac care and monitoring of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Notably, the choice of GP kernel is often somewhat arbitrary. In particular,…

Modern Bayesian optimization and adaptive sampling methods increasingly rely on nonlinear parametric models, yet theoretical guarantees for such models under adaptive data collection remain limited. Existing analyses largely focus on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Rafael Oliveira

This paper deals with the Gaussian process based approximation of a code which can be run at different levels of accuracy. This method, which is a particular case of co-kriging, allows us to improve a surrogate model of a complex computer…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-09-25 Loic Le Gratiet

Models like support vector machines or Gaussian process regression often require positive semi-definite kernels. These kernels may be based on distance functions. While definiteness is proven for common distances and kernels, a proof for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Martin Zaefferer , Thomas Bartz-Beielstein , Günter Rudolph

Many techniques for data science and uncertainty quantification demand efficient tools to handle Gaussian random fields, which are defined in terms of their mean functions and covariance operators. Recently, parameterized Gaussian random…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Daniel Kressner , Jonas Latz , Stefano Massei , Elisabeth Ullmann

Due to the real-time rendering performance, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as the leading method for radiance field reconstruction. However, its reliance on spherical harmonics for color encoding inherently limits its ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yixin Yang , Bojian Wu , Yang Zhou , Hui Huang

The Gaussian kernel plays a central role in machine learning, uncertainty quantification and scattered data approximation, but has received relatively little attention from a numerical analysis standpoint. The basic problem of finding an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Toni Karvonen , Chris J. Oates , Mark Girolami

Deep kernel learning refers to a Gaussian process that incorporates neural networks to improve the modelling of complex functions. We present a method that makes this approach feasible for problems where the data consists of line integral…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-05 Carl Jidling , Johannes Hendriks , Thomas B. Schön , Adrian Wills

Gaussian process regression techniques have been used in fluid mechanics for the reconstruction of flow fields from a reduction-of-dimension perspective. A main ingredient in this setting is the construction of adapted covariance functions,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-13 Adrian Padilla-Segarra , Pascal Noble , Olivier Roustant , Éric Savin

We investigate the capabilities and limitations of Gaussian process models by jointly exploring three complementary directions: (i) scalable and statistically efficient inference; (ii) flexible kernels; and (iii) objective functions for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-07 Karl Krauth , Edwin V. Bonilla , Kurt Cutajar , Maurizio Filippone

Gaussian Process regression is a kernel method successfully adopted in many real-life applications. Recently, there is a growing interest on extending this method to non-Euclidean input spaces, like the one considered in this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Antonio Candelieri , Andrea Ponti , Francesco Archetti

The application of Gaussian processes (GPs) to large data sets is limited due to heavy memory and computational requirements. A variety of methods has been proposed to enable scalability, one of which is to exploit structure in the kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Jan Graßhoff , Alexandra Jankowski , Philipp Rostalski

Gaussian Process (GP) models are popular tools in uncertainty quantification (UQ) because they purport to furnish functional uncertainty estimates that can be used to represent model uncertainty. It is often difficult to state with…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-22 Carlo Graziani , Marieme Ngom

The Gibbs reference posterior distribution provides an objective full-Bayesian solution to the problem of prediction of a stationary Gaussian process with Mat\'ern anisotropic kernel. A full-Bayesian approach is possible, because the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-01-16 Joseph Muré