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The emergent field of probabilistic numerics has thus far lacked clear statistical principals. This paper establishes Bayesian probabilistic numerical methods as those which can be cast as solutions to certain inverse problems within the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-15 Jon Cockayne , Chris Oates , Tim Sullivan , Mark Girolami

Newton's identities provide a way to express elementary symmetric polynomials in terms of power polynomials over fields of characteristic zero. In this article, we study the failure of this relation in positive characteristic and what can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-23 Sjoerd de Vries

We present identities for permutations with fixed points. The formulas are based on successive derivations or integrations of the determinant of a particular matrix.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Jean-Christophe Pain

Probability-like parameters appearing in some statistical models, and their prior distributions, are reinterpreted through the notion of `circumstance', a term which stands for any piece of knowledge that is useful in assigning a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. G. L. Porta Mana , A. Månsson , G. Björk

This work proposes a complete algebraic model for classical information theory. As a precursor the essential probabilistic concepts have been defined and analyzed in the algebraic setting. Examples from probability and information theory…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-10-12 Manas K. Patra , Samuel L. Braunstein

Motivated by Berkovich's nine $q$-binomial identities involving the Legendre symbol $(\frac{d}{3})$, we establish a unified form of $q$-binomial identities of this type through a combinatorial approach. This unified form includes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-16 Ji-Cai Liu

We demonstrate the convergence of the characteristic polynomial of several random matrix ensembles to a limiting universal function, at the microscopic scale. The random matrix ensembles we treat are classical compact groups and the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-02-05 Reda Chhaibi , Emma Hovhannisyan , Joseph Najnudel , Ashkan Nikeghbali , Brad Rodgers

We introduce an object that has obvious similarity to the classical one - the algebra of supersymmetric polynomials. Despite the similarity, the known structure theorems on supersymmetric polynomials do not help in the study of the new…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2024-07-29 Grigory Chelnokov , Maxim Turevskii

Frequentist inference typically is described in terms of hypothetical repeated sampling but there are advantages to an interpretation that uses a single random sample. Contemporary examples are given that indicate probabilities for random…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2019-06-21 Paul Vos , Don Holbert

In this paper some generalizations of the sum of powers of natural numbers is considered. In particular, the class of sums whose generating function is the power of the generating function for the classical sums of powers is studying. The…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-20 Svinin Andrei K

The idea of writing a table of probabilistic data for a quantum or classical system, and of decomposing this table in a compact way, leads to a shortcut for Hardy's formalism, and gives new perspectives on foundational issues.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. G. L. Mana

We describe applications of the classical umbral calculus to bilinear generating functions for polynomial sequences, identities for Bernoulli and related numbers, and Kummer congruences.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-02 Ira M. Gessel

Starting with a known polynomial identity, we derive two generalizations of Touchard's identity concerning Catalan numbers; one obtained using the Beta function and the other via a connection with Stirling numbers of the second kind. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Kunle Adegoke

We investigate the structure of ideals generated by binomials (polynomials with at most two terms) and the schemes and varieties associated to them. The class of binomial ideals contains many classical examples from algebraic geometry, and…

alg-geom · Mathematics 2008-02-03 David Eisenbud , Bernd Sturmfels

I review the classical theory of likelihood based inference and consider how it is being extended and developed for use in complex models and sampling schemes.

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-01 Nancy Reid

An identity is proved connecting two finite sums of inverse tangents. This identity is discretized version of Jacobi's imaginary transformation for the modular angle from the theory of elliptic functions. Some other related identities are…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-10-06 Martin Nicholson

Within classical propositional logic, assigning probabilities to formulas is shown to be equivalent to assigning probabilities to valuations. A novel notion of probabilistic entailment enjoying desirable properties of logical consequence is…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-01-13 Joao Rasga , Cristina Sernadas , Amilcar Sernadas

In this paper we give a convolution identity for the complete and elementary symmetric functions. This result can be used to proving and discovering some combinatorial identities involving $r$-Stirling numbers, $r$-Whitney numbers and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-13 Mircea Merca

We present a generalization of the Newton-Girard identities, along with some applications. As an addendum, we collect many evaluations of symmetric polynomials to which these identities apply.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-25 Tanay Wakhare

In this article, we introduce combinatorial models for poly-Bernoulli polynomials and poly-Euler numbers of both kinds. As their applications, we provide combinatorial proofs of some identities involving poly-Bernoulli polynomials.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-04 Beáta Bényi , Toshiki Matsusaka