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Conventional computing has many sources of heat dissipation, but one of these--the Landauer limit--poses a fundamental lower bound of 1 bit of entropy per bit erased. 'Reversible Computing' avoids this source of dissipation, but is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Hannah Earley

Using a double-well potential as a physical memory, we study with experiments and numerical simulations the energy exchanges during erasure processes, and model quantitatively the cost of fast operation. Within the stochastic thermodynamics…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-22 Salambô Dago , Ludovic Bellon

Reducing work fluctuation and dissipation in heat engines or, more generally, information heat engines that perform feedback control is vital to maximize their efficiency. The same problem arises when we attempt to maximize the efficiency…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-01-06 Ken Funo , Masahito Ueda

Achieving the Carnot efficiency at finite power is a challenging problem in heat engines due to the trade-off relation between efficiency and power that holds for general heat engines. It is pointed out that the Carnot efficiency at finite…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-03-03 Kosuke Miura , Yuki Izumida , Koji Okuda

Landauer's erasure principle states that any irreversible erasure protocol of a single bit memory needs work of at least $k_B T ln2.$ Recent proof of concept experiments has demonstrated that the erasure protocols with work close to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Harish Doddi , Saurav Talukdar , Murti Salapaka

We measured the energy efficiency of information erasure using silicon DRAM cells capable of counting charges on capacitors at the single-electron level. Our measurements revealed that the efficiency decreased as the erasure error…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-01 Takase Shimizu , Kensaku Chida , Gento Yamahata , Katsuhiko Nishiguchi

CMOS microprocessors have achieved massive energy efficiency gains but may reach limits soon. This paper presents an approach to estimating the limits on the maximum floating point operations per Joule (FLOP/J) for CMOS microprocessors. We…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Anson Ho , Ege Erdil , Tamay Besiroglu

In 1961, R. Landauer proposed the principle that logical irreversibility is associated with physical irreversibility and further theorized that the erasure of information is fundamentally a dissipative process. Landauer posited that a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-11-26 J. Hong , B. Lambson , S. Dhuey , J. Bokor

Landauer's erasure principle states that the irreversible erasure of a one-bit memory, embedded in a thermal environment, is accompanied with a work input of at least $k_{\text{B}}T\ln2$. Fundamental to that principle is the assumption that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-01-31 Jan Klaers

The Landauer limit is to irreversible logic what the Carnot cycle is to heat engines. This limit is approached in the adiabatic Quantum Flux Parametron (aQFP) by copying the inputs of standard logic gates to produce reversible logic gates,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Quentin Herr

The potential energy profile of a binary switch is a symmetric double well. Switching between the wells without energy dissipation requires time-modulating the potential barrier separating them and tilting the profile towards the desired…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-01-29 Mohammad Salehi Fashami , Jayasimha Atulasimha , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation sets the minimal bound of the cost-precision trade-off relation for dissipative processes. Examining the dynamics of an internally coupled system that is driven by a constant thermodynamic force, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-09-19 Sangwon Lee , Changbong Hyeon , Junghyo Jo

Quantum state engineering and quantum computation rely on information erasure procedures that, up to some fidelity, prepare a quantum object in a pure state. Such processes occur within Landauer's framework if they rely on an interaction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-26 M. Hamed Mohammady , Masoud Mohseni , Yasser Omar

Dating back to the seminal work of von Neumann [von Neumann, Automata Studies, 1956], it is known that error correcting codes can overcome faulty circuit components to enable robust computation. Choosing an appropriate code is non-trivial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Anirudh Krishna , Gilles Zémor

The Landauer principle states that any logically irreversible information processing must be accompanied by dissipation into the environment. In this study, we investigate the heat dissipation associated with finite-time information erasure…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-01-05 Tan Van Vu , Keiji Saito

Power dissipation in switching devices is believed to be the single most important roadblock to the continued down scaling of electronic circuits. There is a lot of experimental effort at this time to implement switching circuits based on…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-07-24 Behtash Behin-Aein , Sayeef Salahuddin , Supriyo Datta

Landauer's principle makes a strong connection between information theory and thermodynamics by stating that erasing a one-bit memory at temperature $T_0$ requires an average energy larger than $W_{LB}=k_BT_0 \ln2$, with $k_B$ Boltzmann's…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-01-12 Salambô Dago , Sergio Ciliberto , Ludovic Bellon

We study the thermodynamic cost associated with the erasure of one bit of information over a finite amount of time. We present a general framework for minimizing the average work required when full control of a system's microstates is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-09 Karel Proesmans , Jannik Ehrich , John Bechhoefer

Landauer's principle gives a fundamental limit to the thermodynamic cost of erasing information. Its saturation requires a reversible isothermal process, and hence infinite time. We develop a finite-time version of Landauer's principle for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Alberto Rolandi , Martí Perarnau-Llobet

The energy cost of erasing a bit of information was fundamentally lower bounded by Landauer, in terms of the temperature of its environment: $W\geq k_\mathrm{B} T \ln 2$. However, in real electronic devices, the information-bearing system…