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In the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), we are given a complete graph $K_n$ together with an integer weighting $w$ on the edges of $K_n$, and we are asked to find a Hamilton cycle of $K_n$ of minimum weight. Let $h(w)$ denote the average…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-08-05 Gregory Gutin , Viresh Patel

We study integrality gaps and approximability of two closely related problems on directed graphs. Given a set V of n nodes in an underlying asymmetric metric and two specified nodes s and t, both problems ask to find an s-t path visiting…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-06-03 Zachary Friggstad , Mohammad R. Salavatipour , Zoya Svitkina

Many real-world problems can be formulated as a constrained Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). However, the constraints are always complex and numerous, making the TSPs challenging to solve. When the number of complicated constraints grows,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Jingxiao Chen , Ziqin Gong , Minghuan Liu , Jun Wang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

We present novel path-slicing strategies integrated with quantum local search to optimize solutions for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), addressing the limitations of current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technologies. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-19 Chen-Yu Liu , Hiromichi Matsuyama , Wei-hao Huang , Yu Yamashiro

This work presents solutions to the Traveling Salesperson Problem with precedence constraints (TSPPC) using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) by adapting recent approaches that work well for regular TSPs. Common to these approaches is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Christian Löwens , Inaam Ashraf , Alexander Gembus , Genesis Cuizon , Jonas K. Falkner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

The famous Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is an important category of optimization problems that is mostly encountered in various areas of science and engineering. Studying optimization problems motivates to develop advanced techniques…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-29 Karthik Srinivasan , Saipriya Satyajit , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

The Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) is a multi-component optimization problem that captures the interplay between routing and packing decisions by combining the classical Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) and the Knapsack Problem (KP). The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jan Eube , Kelin Luo , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann , Heiko Röglin

We study the (non-uniform) quantified constraint satisfaction problem QCSP(H) as H ranges over partially reflexive forests. We obtain a complexity-theoretic dichotomy: QCSP(H) is either in NL or is NP-hard. The separating condition is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-04-01 Barnaby Martin

The traveling salesman (or salesperson) problem, short TSP, is a problem of strong interest to many researchers from mathematics, economics, and computer science. Manifold TSP variants occur in nearly every scientific field and application…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Sophia Saller , Jana Koehler , Andreas Karrenbauer

We study the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) on the metric completion of cubic and subcubic graphs, which is known to be NP-hard. The problem is of interest because of its relation to the famous 4/3 conjecture for metric TSP, which says…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-07-07 Sylvia Boyd , René Sitters , Suzanne van der Ster , Leen Stougie

In this paper, we present a new linear programming (LP) formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The proposed model has O(n^8) variables and O(n^7) constraints, where n is the number of cities. Our numerical experimentation…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-10-21 Moustapha Diaby

Most neural solvers for the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) are trained to output a single solution, even though practitioners rarely stop there: at test time, they routinely spend extra compute on sampling or post-hoc search. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Andoni Irazusta Garmendia

Asymmetric Travelling Salesman Problem (ATSP) and its special case Directed Hamiltonicity are among the most fundamental problems in computer science. The dynamic programming algorithm running in time $O^*(2^n)$ developed almost 60 years…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Łukasz Kowalik , Konrad Majewski

Recent works using deep learning to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) have focused on learning construction heuristics. Such approaches find TSP solutions of good quality but require additional procedures such as beam search and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Paulo R. de O. da Costa , Jason Rhuggenaath , Yingqian Zhang , Alp Akcay

As a first contribution the mTSP is solved using an exact method and two heuristics, where the number of nodes per route is balanced. The first heuristic uses a nearest node approach and the second assigns the closest vehicle (salesman). A…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Wolfgang Garn

We present a new problem called the incomplete Traveling Tournament problem, which introduces the well known Traveling Tournament Problem into the realm of incomplete round-robin tournaments. We focus on the case where teams can face each…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Karel Devriesere , David Van Bulck , Dries Goossens

We introduce a fast, quasi-linear-time heuristic for the Close-Enough Traveling Salesman Problem (CETSP), a continuous generalization of the Euclidean TSP in which each target is a disk that must be intersected. The method adapts the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Khoi Duong

We design a $1.49993$-approximation algorithm for the metric traveling salesperson problem (TSP) for instances in which an optimal solution to the subtour linear programming relaxation is half-integral. These instances received significant…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Anna Karlin , Nathan Klein , Shayan Oveis Gharan

In this case study, the renowned Travelling Salesmen problem has been studied. Travelling Salesman problem is a most demanding computational problem in Computer Science. The Travelling Salesmen problem has been solved by two different ways…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Gyanateet Dutta

This paper introduces a computational method for generating metric Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) instances having a large integrality gap. The method is based on the solution of an integer programming problem, called IH-OPT, that takes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-08 Eleonora Vercesi , Stefano Gualandi , Monaldo Mastrolilli , Luca Maria Gambardella