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Motivated by the problem of designing quantum repeaters, we study entanglement distillation between two parties, Alice and Bob, starting from a mixed state and with the help of "repeater" stations. To treat the case of a single repeater, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Nicolas Dutil , Patrick Hayden

In repeated games, cooperation is possible in equilibrium only if players are sufficiently patient, and long-term gains from cooperation outweigh short-term gains from deviation. What happens if the players have incomplete information…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2019-01-23 Cy Maor , Eilon Solan

This paper considers the effect of riffle shuffling on decks of cards, allowing for some cards to be indistinguishable from other cards. The dual problem of dealing a game with hands, such as bridge or poker, is also considered. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-02-10 Mark Conger , Jason Howald

A scheme is proposed by which two parties, Alice and Bob, can securely exchange real numbers. The scheme requires Alice and Bob to share entanglement and both to perform Bell-state measurements. With a qubit system two real numbers can each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sung Soon Jang , Hai-Woong Lee

In this paper, we consider a privacy signaling game problem for binary alphabets and single-bit transmission where a transmitter has a pair of messages, one of which is a casual message that needs to be conveyed, whereas the other message…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Photios A. Stavrou , Serkan Sarıtaş , Mikael Skoglund

A coloring of a matroid is proper if elements of the same color form an independent set. For a loopless matroid M, its chromatic number \chi(M) is the minimum number of colors that suffices to color properly the ground set E of M. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-02 Michał Lasoń

Suppose that Alice and Bob are located in distant laboratories, which are connected by an ideal quantum channel. Suppose further that they share many copies of a quantum state $\rho_{ABE}$, such that Alice possesses the $A$ systems and Bob…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 Kunal Sharma , Eyuri Wakakuwa , Mark M. Wilde

We study a new QKD that is different from the scheme proposed by \cite{Ramz2}, though it essentially takes our ground on three-player quantum games and Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger triplet entangled state (GHZ state) \cite{Gree} is used. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-13 Norihito Toyota

Alice wishes to reveal the state $X$ to Bob, if he knows some other information $Y$ also known to her. If Bob does not, she wishes to reveal nothing about $X$ at all. When can Alice accomplish this? We provide a simple necessary and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-06-17 Costas Cavounidis , Massimiliano Furlan , Alkis Georgiadis-Harris

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables Alice and Bob to exchange a secret key over a public, untrusted quantum channel. Compared to classical key exchange, QKD achieves everlasting security: after the protocol execution the key is secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Alex B. Grilo , Giulio Malavolta , Michael Walter , Tianwei Zhang

A fundamental task in modern cryptography is the joint computation of a function which has two inputs, one from Alice and one from Bob, such that neither of the two can learn more about the other's input than what is implied by the value of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-13 Harry Buhrman , Matthias Christandl , Christian Schaffner

We analyze the security of a quantum secure direct communication protocol equipped with authentication. We first propose a specifc attack on the protocol by which, an adversary can break the secret already shared between Alice and Bob, when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-30 Ali Amerimehr , Massoud Hadian Dehkordi

We study the two-player coupon-collector competition in which two independent collectors draw one coupon each per round from a set of $d$ equally likely coupon types. Myers and Wilf gave finite formulae for several two-player events and…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Christopher D. Long

The proof of the No-Go Theorem of unconditionally secure quantum bit commitment depends on the assumption that Alice knows every detail of the protocol, including the probability distributions associated with all the random variables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-05 Chi-Yee Cheung

In this paper, we use the ten security requirements proposed by Liao et al. for a smart card based authentication protocol to examine five recent work in this area. After analyses, we found that the protocols of Juang et al.'s , Hsiang et…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-07-02 Yalin Chen , Jue-Sam Chou* , Chun-Hui Huang

We generalize Ebert's Hat Problem for three persons and three colors. All players guess simultaneously the color of their own hat observing only the hat colors of the other players. It is also allowed for each player to pass: no color is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Theo van Uem

Given an increasing graph property $\cal F$, the strong Avoider-Avoider $\cal F$ game is played on the edge set of a complete graph. Two players, Red and Blue, take turns in claiming previously unclaimed edges with Red going first, and the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Miloš Stojaković , Jelena Stratijev

Consider a uniformly random deck consisting of cards labelled by numbers from $1$ through $n$, possibly with repeats. A guesser guesses the top card, after which it is revealed and removed and the game continues. What is the expected number…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-26 Jimmy He , Andrea Ottolini

We study the secrecy of a distributed storage system for passwords. The encoder, Alice, observes a length-n password and describes it using two hints, which she then stores in different locations. The legitimate receiver, Bob, observes both…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-21 Annina Bracher , Eran Hof , Amos Lapidoth

The graph coloring game is a famous two-player game (re)introduced by Bodlaender in $1991$. Given a graph $G$ and $k \in \mathbb{N}$, Alice and Bob alternately (starting with Alice) color an uncolored vertex with some color in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Caroline Brosse , Nicolas Martins , Nicolas Nisse , Rudini Sampaio