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We have analysed the orbits and ablation characteristics in the atmosphere of 59 earth-impacting fireballs, produced by meteoroids one meter in diameter or larger, described here as meter-scale. Using heights at peak luminosity as a proxy…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-23 P. Brown , P. Wiegert , D. Clark , E. Tagliaferri

On July 28, 2006 the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences recorded the spectrum of a faint meteor. We confidently identify the lines of FeI and MgI, OI, NI and molecular-nitrogen N_2…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 V. L. Afanasiev , V. V. Kalenichenko , I. D. Karachentsev

Despite ablation and drag processes associated with atmospheric entry of meteoroids were a subject of intensive study over the last century, little attention was devoted to interpret the observed fireball terminal height. This is a key…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-02-09 Manuel Moreno-Ibáñez , Maria Gritsevich , Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez

The initial results of a two year simultaneous optical-radar meteor campaign are described. Analysis of 105 double-station optical meteors having plane of sky intersection angles greater than 5 degrees and trail lengths in excess of 2 km…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-27 Peter Brown , Gunter Stober , Carsten Schult , Z. Krzeminski , William Cooke , Jorge Chau

Meteoroids entering the Earth's atmosphere can be observed as meteors, thereby providing useful information on their formation and hence on their parent bodies. We developed a data reduction software package for double station meteor data…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-24 A. Margonis , A. Christou , J. Oberst

A strong outburst of the October Draconid meteor shower was predicted for October 8, 2011. Here we present the observations obtained by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR) during the 2011 outburst. CMOR recorded 61 multi-station Draconid…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Quanzhi Ye , Peter G. Brown , Margaret D. Campbell-Brown , Robert J. Weryk

Many existing optical meteor trajectory estimation methods use the approximation that the velocity of the meteor at the beginning of its luminous phase is equivalent to its velocity before atmospheric entry. Meteoroid kinetic energy loss…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-01 Denis Vida , Peter G. Brown , Margaret Campbell-Brown

Context. Three kilometer-sized interstellar objects (ISOs) have been detected transiting the Solar System, and spacecraft have directly measured micrometer-scale interstellar dust (ISD). Yet no intermediate-size interstellar meteoroids have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-20 Eloy Peña-Asensio , Darryl Z. Seligman

The first meter-scale interstellar meteor (IM1) was detected by US government sensors in 2014, identified as an interstellar object candidate in 2019, and confirmed by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 2022. We use data from a nearby…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-09 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

Accurate estimation of meteoroid bulk density is crucial for assessing spacecraft impact hazards from sub-millimeter to millimeter-sized meteoroids. Previous studies often used manual tuning or optimization methods to fit ablation and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-22 Maximilian Vovk , Peter G. Brown , Denis Vida , Daeyoung Lee , Emma G. Harmos

The rate at which meteors pass through Earth's atmosphere has been measured or estimated many times over; existing flux measurements span at least 12 astronomical magnitudes, or roughly five decades in mass. Unfortunately, the common…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-14 Althea V. Moorhead , Denis Vida , Peter G. Brown , Margaret D. Campbell-Brown

We report on a pencil-beam survey of the Taurid Swarm, a possible concentration of bodies in the Taurid meteoroid stream associated with the 7:2 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter. Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope MegaCam observations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-05 Paul Wiegert , Denis Vida , David L. Clark , Auriane Egal , Richard Wainscoat , Robert Weryk

Meteors are important phenomenon reflecting many properties of interplanetary dust particles. The study of their origin, mass distribution, and orbit evolution all require large data volume, which can only be obtained using large meteor…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-11 Z. Li , H. Zou , J. Liu , J. Ma , Q. Meng , Y. Cai , X. Zhao , X. Li , Z. Tu , B. Zhang , R. Wang , S. Wang , F. Lu

We have estimated the largest meteoroids present in major meteor showers from observations conducted between 2019-2022 by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) instrument on the GOES-R satellites. Our integrated time area products for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-10 Kasia Wisniewski , Peter Brown , Danielle Moser , Randy Longenbaugh

We report the identification of two previously unrecognized interstellar meteor candidates in the NASA CNEOS fireball database. Using the empirically calibrated low-discrepancy uncertainty model of Pe\~na-Asensio et al.\ (2025) for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-10 Richard Cloete , Abraham Loeb

A new meteor shower $\lambda$-Sculptorids produced by the comet 46P/Wirtanen was forecast for December 12, 2023. The predicted activity was highly uncertain, but generally considered to be low. Observations in Australia, New Zealand, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-13 D. Vida , J. M. Scott , A. Egal , J. Vaubaillon , Q. -Z. Ye , D. Rollinson , M. Sato , D. E. Moser

Based on the long-term radial-velocity surveys carried out with the McDonald Observatory 2.7m Harlan J. Smith Telescope from 1988 to the present, we derive upper limits to long-period giant planet companions for 31 nearby stars. Data from…

18 mm-sized Orionid meteoroids were captured in 2019 and 2020 by the Canadian Automated Observatory's mirror tracking system. Meteor position measurements were made to an accuracy of $\sim1$ m and the meteors were tracked to a limiting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-20 Denis Vida , Peter G. Brown , Margaret Campbell-Brown , Auriane Egal

Here we report on the results of meteor observations with 9-channel Mini-MegaTORTORA (MMT-9) wide-field optical monitoring system with high temporal resolution. During first 1.5 years of operation more than 90 thousands of meteors have been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-26 S. Karpov , N. Orekhova , G. Beskin , A. Biryukov , S. Bondar , E. Ivanov , E. Katkova , A. Perkov , V. Sasyuk