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Local search preprocessing makes Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL) solvers faster by providing high-quality starting points and modern SAT solvers have incorporated this technique into their preprocessing steps. However, these tools…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 André Schidler , Stefan Szeider

Backtracking search is a powerful algorithmic paradigm that can be used to solve many problems. It is in a certain sense the dual of variable elimination; but on many problems, e.g., SAT, it is vastly superior to variable elimination in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Fahiem Bacchus , Shannon Dalmao , Toniann Pitassi

An analysis of the average-case complexity of solving random 3-Satisfiability (SAT) instances with backtrack algorithms is presented. We first interpret previous rigorous works in a unifying framework based on the statistical physics…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-06-20 Simona Cocco , Remi Monasson

Synthesis of models and strategies is a very important problem in software engineering. The main element here is checking the satisfiability of formulae expressing the specification of a system to be implemented. This paper puts forward a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Magdalena Kacprzak , Artur Niewiadomski , Wojciech Penczek

Disjunctive Linear Arithmetic (DLA) is a major decidable theory that is supported by almost all existing theorem provers. The theory consists of Boolean combinations of predicates of the form $\Sigma_{j=1}^{n}a_j\cdot x_j \le b$, where the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ofer Strichman

In 2006, Biere, Jussila, and Sinz made the key observation that the underlying logic behind algorithms for constructing Reduced, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be encoded as steps in a proof in the extended resolution logical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Randal E. Bryant , Marijn J. H. Heule

All solutions SAT (AllSAT for short) is a variant of propositional satisfiability problem. Despite its significance, AllSAT has been relatively unexplored compared to other variants. We thus survey and discuss major techniques of AllSAT…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-10 Takahisa Toda , Takehide Soh

Discrete variables are common in many applications, such as probabilistic reasoning, planning and explainable AI. When symbolic reasoning techniques are brought in to bear on these applications, a standard technique for handling discrete…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yaofang Zhang , Ken Zhou , Adnan Darwiche

We present a hardware-accelerated SAT solver targeting processor/Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) SoCs. Our solution accelerates the most expensive subroutine of the Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland (DPLL) algorithm, Boolean Constraint…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Hariprasadh Govindasamy , Babak Esfandiari , Paulo Garcia

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) are widely used in automated verification, but there is a lack of interactive tools designed for educational purposes in this field. To address this gap, we present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Yiqi Zhao , Ziyan An , Meiyi Ma , Taylor Johnson

In this paper we present a new approach to solve the satisfiability problem (SAT), based on boolean networks (BN). We define a mapping between a SAT instance and a BN, and we solve SAT problem by simulating the BN dynamics. We prove that BN…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-02-01 Andrea Roli , Michela Milano

Our work presents a novel reinforcement learning (RL) based framework to optimize heuristic selection within the conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) process, improving the efficiency of Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving. The proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Muyu Pan , Matthew Walter , Dheeraj Kodakandla , Mahfuza Farooque

Satisfiability-based verification techniques, leveraging modern Boolean satisfiability (SAT) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers, have demonstrated efficacy in addressing practical problem instances within program analysis.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Markus Krahl , Matthias Güdemann , Stefan Wallentowitz

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving is a fundamental problem in computer science. Finding efficient algorithms for SAT solving has broad implications in many areas of computer science and beyond. Quantum SAT solvers have been proposed in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Shang-Wei Lin , Tzu-Fan Wang , Yean-Ru Chen , Zhe Hou , David Sanán , Yon Shin Teo

Boolean satisfiability is a propositional logic problem of interest in multiple fields, e.g., physics, mathematics, and computer science. Beyond a field of research, instances of the SAT problem, as it is known, require efficient solution…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-11-13 S. R. B. Bearden , Y. R. Pei , M. Di Ventra

How to design reinforcement learning (RL) tasks that effectively unleash the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) remains an open question. Existing RL tasks (e.g., math, programming, and constructing reasoning tasks) suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Huanyu Liu , Ge Li , Jia Li , Hao Zhu , Kechi Zhang , Yihong Dong

Abductive reasoning (or Abduction, for short) is among the most fundamental AI reasoning methods, with a broad range of applications, including fault diagnosis, belief revision, and automated planning. Unfortunately, Abduction is of high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-23 Andreas Pfandler , Stefan Rümmele , Stefan Szeider

The Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem lies at the core of many applications in combinatorial optimization, software verification, cryptography, and machine learning. While state-of-the-art solvers have demonstrated high efficiency in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhiwei Zhang , Samy Wu Fung , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Stanley Osher , Moshe Y. Vardi

Automated reasoners, such as SAT/SMT solvers and first-order provers, are becoming the backbones of rigorous systems engineering, being used for example in applications of system verification, program synthesis, and cybersecurity.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Robin Coutelier , Jakob Rath , Michael Rawson , Armin Biere , Laura Kovács

In Verification and in (optimal) AI Planning, a successful method is to formulate the application as boolean satisfiability (SAT), and solve it with state-of-the-art DPLL-based procedures. There is a lack of understanding of why this works…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Joerg Hoffmann , Carla Gomes , Bart Selman