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We revisit the classical theory of a relativistic massless charged point particle with spin and interacting with an external electromagnetic field. In particular, we give a proper definition of its kinetic energy and its total energy, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-12-27 Ivan Morales , Bruno Neves , Zui Oporto , Olivier Piguet

We show that Einstein's $R^{\hat{0} \hat{0}}$ equation for nonrelativistic matter and strong gravitational fields is identical with Newton's equation for relative radial acceleration of neighbouring freefalling particles, spherically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-01 Christoph Schmid

The Cartesian material space approach to Maxwell's equations reveals the analytical solution of the continuous radial density for the extended elementary charge. Radial charges and their Coulomb fields carry equal passive and active…

General Physics · Physics 2017-09-12 I. E. Bulyzhenkov

We show that the transformation of relativistic velocities derived without using the Lorentz-Einstein transformation for the space-time coordinates of the same event and the fact that we can define the proper value of length, time interval,…

General Physics · Physics 2008-12-04 Bernhard Rothenstein

From the relativistic law of motion we attempt to deduce the field theories corresponding to the force law being linear and quadratic in 4-velocity of the particle. The linear law leads to the vector gauge theory which could be the abelian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Parampreet Singh , Naresh Dadhich

We demonstrate that if masses and charges figuring in the equation of motion including both Newton gravitational and Coulomb electrostatic force laws are divided by mass and charge, respectively, which are derived using the relations…

General Physics · Physics 2012-06-05 Lubos Neslusan

For a relativistic charged particle moving in a constant electromagnetic field, its velocity 4-vector has been well studied. However, despite the fact that both the electromagnetic field and the equations of motion are purely real, the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Siu A. Chin

Using dimensional analysis techniques we present an extension of Newton's gravitational theory built under the assumption that Milgrom's acceleration constant is a fundamental quantity of nature. The gravitational force converges to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-04 J. C. Hidalgo , S. Mendoza , X. Hernandez , T. Bernal , M. A. Jimenez , C. Allen

A brief overview is presented of the basis of the electromagnetic zero-point field in quantum physics and its representation in stochastic electrodynamics. Two approaches have led to the proposal that the inertia of matter may be explained…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Bernhard Haisch , Alfonso Rueda

The axiomatic definition of mass in classical mechanics, outlined by Mach in the second half of 19th century and improved by several authors, is simplified and extended to the theory of special relativity. According to the extended…

General Physics · Physics 2023-02-08 Enzo Zanchini , Antonio Barletta

New electrodynamics with quaternionic mass is found to yields interesting results. The quaternionic mass involves longitudinal as well as transverse (vector) masses. Because of these two masses, an application of a magnetic field in a…

General Physics · Physics 2022-02-08 A. I. Arbab

We develop a formulation of particle mechanics in which the functional relation between force and kinetic energy is derived directly from local conservation mechanical energy $E$, rather than postulated through Newton's second law or a…

Classical Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Thomas Oikonomou

The paper pursues two aims. First, to revisit the classical electromagnetic mass theory and develop it further by making use of a corollary of general relativity - that the propagation of light in non-inertial reference frames is…

Classical Physics · Physics 2011-11-18 Vesselin Petkov

Einstein's relativity theory demands that all meaningful physical objects should be defined covariantly, i.e. in a coordinate independent way. Concepts of relative velocity, acceleration, gravity acceleration and gravity potential are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-26 Marek A. Abramowicz

The relativistic Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for the system of $N$ events with motion in space-time parametrized by an invariant ``historical time'' $\tau $ is considered without the simplifying approximation $m^2\cong M^2$, where $M$ is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 L. Burakovsky , L. P. Horwitz

We present a novel derivation of the spacetime metric generated by matter, without invoking Einstein's field equations. For static sources, the metric arises from a relativistic formulation of D'Alembert's principle, where the inertial…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Jaume de Haro , Emilio Elizalde

After having identified all the possible relationships between the electric field and the magnetic field in a given inertial reference frame we derive the transformation equations for the components of these fields. Special relativity is…

General Physics · Physics 2007-10-17 Bernhard Rothenstein , Stefan Popescu

A cornerstone of physics, Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, apparently contains a fatal flaw. The standard expressions for the electromagnetic field energy and self-mass of an electron of finite extension do not obey Einstein's famous…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-02-01 Murat Khokonov , Jens Ulrik Andersen

Einstein-aether theory is extended by allowing for spinning degrees of freedom of the aether. In addition to the acceleration, shear, expansion, and vorticity of the aether velocity field, a spin rotation describing the dynamics of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-09 Christopher Kohler

Einstein's famous equation $E_{\rm rest}=mc^2$ for the rest energy of a system with mass $m$ requires that the internal energy of the system be included in $m$. Pursuing this idea using Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics yields a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-19 Dennis E. Krause , Inbum Lee