Related papers: Parity, Skein Polynomials and Categorification

We define an invariant of welded virtual knots from each finite crossed module by considering crossed module invariants of ribbon knotted surfaces which are naturally associated with them. We elucidate that the invariants obtained are non…

Algorithm of construction of all knots, links with given number of crosses on diagram of knot, link is offered. This algorithm is based on simple proposition, that there is a representation of knot (link) as closure of braid with n threads…

For classical links Ohyama proved an inequality involving the minimal crossing number and the braid index, then motivated from this Takeda showed an analogous inequality for virtual links. In this paper, we are interested in studying…

We introduce birack brackets, skein invariants of birack-colored framed classical and virtual knots and links with values in a commutative unital ring. The multiset of birack bracket values over the homset from a framed link's fundamental…

An extension of the Artin Braid Group with new operators that generate double and triple intersections is considered. The extended Alexander theorem, relating intersecting closed braids and intersecting knots is proved for double and triple…

Extending the methods from our previous work on quantum knots and quantum graphs, we describe a general procedure for quantizing a large class of mathematical structures which includes, for example, knots, graphs, groups, algebraic…

In this paper we use artificial neural networks to predict and help compute the values of certain knot invariants. In particular, we show that neural networks are able to predict when a knot is quasipositive with a high degree of accuracy.…

We study the crossing matrix of a braid and introduce a polynomial invariant for braid systems that is invariant under Hurwitz equivalence. As an application to the study of surface braids and surface links, we also define an invariant that…

A state generating is introduced to determine the Jones polynomial of a link. Formulae for two infinite families of knots are shown by applying this method, the second family of which are proved to be non-alternating. Moreover, the method…

We find a single two-parameter skein relation on trivalent graphs, the quantum exceptional relation, that specializes to a skein relation associated to each exceptional Lie algebra (in the adjoint representation). If a slight strengthening…

We generalize the braid algebra to the case of loops with intersections. We introduce the Reidemeister moves for 4 and 6-valent vertices to have a theory of rigid vertex equivalence. By considering representations of the extended braid…

We find that Alexander polynomial of a ribbon knot in $ \mathbb{Z}HS^3 $ is determined by the intrinsic singularity information of its ribbon, and give a formula to calculate Alexander polynomial of a ribbon knot by that. We define half…

We introduce the warping crossing polynomial of an oriented knot diagram by using the warping degrees of crossing points of the diagram. Given a closed transversely intersected plane curve, we consider oriented knot diagrams obtained from…

Pseudo links are equivalence classes under Reidemeister-type moves of link diagrams containing crossings with undefined over and under information. In this paper, we extend the Kauffman bracket and Jones-type polynomials from planar pseudo…

This paper studies an algebraic invariant of virtual knots called the biquandle. The biquandle generalizes the fundamental group and the quandle of virtual knots. The approach taken in this paper to the biquandle emphasizes understanding…

We study virtual isotopy sequences with classical initial and final diagrams, asking when such a sequence can be changed into a classical isotopy sequence by replacing virtual crossings with classical crossings. An example of a sequence for…

We extend the state models for Jones and Alexander polynomials of classical links to state models of 2-variable polynomials in the case of singular links. Moreover, we extend both of them to polynomials with d+1 variables for long singular…

We introduce the 2-colour parity. It is a theory of parity for a large class of virtual links, defined using the interaction between orientations of the link components and a certain type of colouring. The 2-colour parity is an extension of…

We give a new interpretation of the Alexander polynomial $\Delta_0$ for virtual knots due to Sawollek and Silver and Williams, and use it to show that, for any virtual knot, $\Delta_0$ determines the writhe polynomial of Cheng and Gao…

Circuit topology employs fundamental units of entanglement, known as soft contacts, for constructing knots from the bottom up, utilising circuit topology relations, namely parallel, series, cross, and concerted relations. In this article,…