Related papers: Uncertainty relation for photons
The nonlinear propagation of intense incoherent photons in a photon gas is considered. The photon-photon interactions are governed by a pair of equations comprising a wave-kinetic equation for the incoherent photons in the presence of the…
A prominent formulation of the uncertainty principle identifies the fundamental quantum feature that no particle may be prepared with certain outcomes for both position and momentum measurements. Often the statistical uncertainties are…
We second quantize the Fermi Lagrangian in the Lorenz gauge to obtain a covariant theory of photon quantum mechanics. Number density is real so it is interpreted as position probability density. The Hilbert space is the vector space of…
Position measurements are examined under the assumption that object position x_t and probe position X_t just after the measurement are expressed by a linear combination of positions x_0 and X_0 just before the measurement. The Heisenberg…
It had been a long standing problem that there is no consistent definition of photon position operator nor photon number density in the context of quantum theory. In this paper we derive the photon detection operator, which defines location…
Uncertainty relations provide fundamental limits on what can be said about the properties of quantum systems. For a quantum particle, the commutation relation of position and momentum observables entails Heisenberg's uncertainty relation. A…
The time-energy uncertainty relation is discussed for a relativistic massless particle. The Lorentz-invariant uncertainty relation is obtained between the root-mean-square energy deviation and the scatter of registration time. The…
We resort to the methods of statistical mechanics in order to determine the effects that a deformed dispersion relation has upon the thermodynamics of a photon gas. The ensuing modifications to the density of states, partition function,…
The theoretical foundations of quantum mechanics and de Broglie--Bohm mechanics are analyzed and it is shown that both theories employ a formal approach to microphysics. By using a realistic approach it can be established that the internal…
We present a brief review of the impact of the Heisenberg uncertainty relations on quantum optics. In particular we demonstrate how almost all coherent and nonclassical states of quantum optics can be derived from uncertainty relations.
We establish a rigorous quantitative connection between (i) the interferometric duality relation for which-way information and fringe visibility and (ii) Heisenberg's uncertainty relation for position and modular momentum. We apply our…
A new derivation is given of the known generalized position-momentum uncertainty relation, which takes into account gravity. The problem of two massive particles, the relative motion of which is described by the Schroedinger equation, is…
For a quantum particle with a single degree of freedom, we derive preparational sum and product uncertainty relations satisfied by $N$ linear combinations of position and momentum observables. The state-independent bounds depend on their…
The Heisenberg inequality \Delta X \Delta P \geq \hbar/2 can be replaced by an exact equality, for suitably chosen measures of position and momentum uncertainty, which is valid for all wavefunctions. The significance of this "exact"…
Classically, electromagnetic pulses are described by real fields that couple to charged matter and propagate causally. We will show here that real fields of the form used in standard classical electromagnetic theory have a quantum…
A Heisenberg uncertainty relation is derived for spatially-gated electric and magnetic field fluctuations. The uncertainty increases for small gating sizes which implies that in confined spaces the quantum nature of the electromagnetic…
The usual Heisenberg uncertainty relation for position and momentum may be replaced by an exact equality, for suitably chosen measures of position and momentum uncertainty. This "exact" uncertainty relation is valid for_all_ pure states,…
Uncertainty relations for light pulses found in [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 86}, 022118 (2012)] were derived in the three-dimensional case which emphasized the localization in a volume. Here we derive the uncertainty relation for light beams in the…
We re-derive the Schr\"{o}dinger-Robertson uncertainty principle for the position and momentum of a quantum particle. Our derivation does not directly employ commutation relations, but works by reduction to an eigenvalue problem related to…
The equations determining the energy density $\rho$ of a gas of photons in thermodynamic equilibrium with a spherical mass $M$ at a non-zero temperature $T_s>0$ is derived from Einstein's equations. It is found that for large $r$, $\rho…