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Related papers: Virtual shadow modules and their link invariants

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We introduce quiver representation-valued invariants of oriented virtual knots and links associated to a choice of finite virtual biquandle, abelian group, set of virtual Boltzmann weights, commutative unital ring and set of virtual…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Alexander Bishop , Jose Ceniceros , Sam Nelson

Twisted current algebras are fixed point subalgebras of current algebras under a finite group action. Special cases include equivariant map algebras and twisted forms of current algebras. Their finite-dimensional simple modules fall into…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-17 Jean Auger , Michael Lau

A group invariant for links in thickened closed orientable surfaces is studied. Associated polynomial invariants are defined. The group detects nontriviality of a virtual link and determines its virtual genus.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-10-01 J. Scott Carter , Daniel S. Silver , Susan G. Williams

We define counting and cocycle enhancement invariants of virtual knots using parity biquandles. These invariants are determined by pairs consisting of a biquandle 2-cocycle \phi^0 and a map \phi^1 with certain compatibility conditions…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-06-16 Aaron Kaestner , Sam Nelson , Leo Selker

Two categorifications are given for the arrow polynomial, an extension of the Kauffman bracket polynomial for virtual knots. The arrow polynomial extends the bracket polynomial to infinitely many variables, each variable corresponding to an…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-05-07 Heather Ann Dye , Louis Hirsch Kauffman , Vassily Olegovich Manturov

We identify a subcategory of biracks which define counting invariants of unoriented links, which we call involutory biracks. In particular, involutory biracks of birack rank N=1 are biquandles, which we call bikei. We define counting…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-04-25 Sinan Aksoy , Sam Nelson

Virtual knot theory is a generalization of knot theory which is based on Gauss chord diagrams and link diagrams on closed oriented surfaces. A twisted knot is a generalization of a virtual knot, which corresponds to a link diagram on a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-12-04 Naoko Kamada

We introduce shadow structures for singular knot theory. Precisely, we define \emph{two} invariants of singular knots and links. First, we introduce a notion of action of a singquandle on a set to define a shadow counting invariant of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-01-22 Jose Ceniceros , Indu R. Churchill , Mohamed Elhamdadi

We introduce virtual tribrackets, an algebraic structure for coloring regions in the planar complement of an oriented virtual knot or link diagram. We use these structures to define counting invariants of virtual knots and links and provide…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-12-07 Sam Nelson , Shane Pico

We consider an algebra of (classical or virtual) tangles over an ordered circuit operad and introduce Conway-type invariants of tangles which respect this algebraic structure. The resulting invariants contain both the coefficients of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-11-30 Michael Polyak

This paper defines a new invariant of virtual knots and links that we call the extended bracket polynomial, and denote by <<K>> for a virtual knot or link K. This invariant is a state summation over bracket states of the oriented diagram…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-04-23 Louis H. Kauffman

A (t,s)-rack is a rack structure defined on a module over the ring $\ddot\Lambda=\mathbb{Z}[t^{\pm 1},s]/(s^2-(1-t)s)$. We identify necessary and sufficient conditions for two $(t,s)$-racks to be isomorphic. We define enhancements of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-05-06 Jessica Ceniceros , Sam Nelson

For a smooth projective surface $X$ satisfying $H_1(X,\mathbb{Z}) = 0$ and $w \in H^2(X,\mu_r)$, we study deformation invariants of the pair $(X,w)$. Choosing a Brauer-Severi variety $Y$ (or, equivalently, Azumaya algebra $\mathcal{A}$)…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-04-09 D. van Bree , A. Gholampour , Y. Jiang , M. Kool

Given a virtual knot $K$, we construct a group $VG_K$ called the virtual knot group, and we use the elementary ideals of $VG_K$ to define invariants of $K$ called the virtual Alexander invariants. For instance, associated to the $k=0$ ideal…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-05-07 Hans U. Boden , Emily Dies , Anne Isabel Gaudreau , Adam Gerlings , Eric Harper , Andrew J. Nicas

We consider involutory virtual biracks with good involutions, also known as symmetric involutory virtual biracks. Any good involution on an involutory virtual birack defines an enhancement of the counting invariant. We provide examples…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-09-12 Melinda Ho , Sam Nelson

We show that we can release the rigidity of the skew Howe duality process for ${\mathfrak sl}_n$ knot invariants by rescaling the quantum Weyl group action, and recover skein modules for web-tangles. This skew Howe duality phenomenon can be…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-04-16 Hoel Queffelec

A virtual link can be understood as a link in a trivial I-bundle over an orientable compact surface with genus. A twisted virtual link is a link in a trivial I-bundle over a not-necessarily orientable compact surface. A twisted virtual…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-12-03 Jessica Ceniceros , Sam Nelson

A rack shadow is a set X with a rack action by a rack R, analogous to a vector space over a field. We use shadow colorings of classical link diagrams to define enhanced rack counting invariants and show that the enhanced invariants are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-07-14 Wesley Chang , Sam Nelson

We introduce a new family of invariants of real algebraic sets defined in terms of the topology of their complexifications and compute some of these invariants for spheres. This allows us to completely classify topological isomorphism…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Juliusz Banecki

Let $X$ be a smooth polarized algebraic surface over the compex number field. We discuss the invariants obtained from the moduli stacks of semistable sheaves of arbitrary ranks on $X$. For that purpose, we construct the virtual fundamental…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Takuro Mochizuki