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We propose a simple abstract formalisation of the act of observation, in which the system and the observer are assumed to be in a pure state and their interaction deterministically changes the states such that the outcome can be read from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sven Aerts

The OPERA experiment, designed to conclusively prove the existence of $\rm \nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ oscillations in the atmospheric sector, makes use of a massive lead-nuclear emulsion target to observe the appearance of $\rm \nu_\tau$'s in…

The OPERA experiment aims at the direct confirmation of the leading oscillation mechanism in the atmospheric sector looking for the appearance of $\nu_{\tau}$ in an almost pure $\nu_{\mu}$ beam (the CERN CNGS beam). In five years of physics…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Fabio Pupilli

It recently has been demonstrated that signals conveyed by evanescent modes can travel faster than light. In this report some special features of signals are introduced and investigated, for instance the fundamental property that signals…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-09-27 Guenter Nimtz

A physics-informed machine learning model, in the form of a multi-output Gaussian process, is formulated using the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. Given appropriate datasets, the model can be used to regress the analytical value of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-08 Gledson Rodrigo Tondo , Sebastian Rau , Igor Kavrakov , Guido Morgenthal

We study the process of observation (measurement), within the framework of a `perspectival' (`relational', `relative state') version of the modal interpretation of quantum mechanics. We show that if we assume certain features of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gyula Bene , Dennis Dieks

Many headway-based car-following models describe longitudinal adaptation through linear relaxation laws, which can produce unrealistically large accelerations and limit the physical consistency of microscopic traffic dynamics. Motivated by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Nizhum Rahman , Trachette L. Jackson

OPERA is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment designed to observe $\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{\tau}$ oscillations by looking at the appearance of $\nu_{\tau}$'s in an almost pure $\nu_\mu$ beam. The beam is produced at CERN and sent…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2008-05-22 Alberto Garfagnini , Ciro Pistillo

Preciously given rules allow conscious systems to be included in quantum mechanical systems. There rules are derived from the empirical experience of an observer who witnesses a quantum mechanical interaction leading to the capture of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard A Mould

Accurate modeling of astrophysical jets is critical for understanding accretion systems and their impact on the interstellar medium. While astronomical observations can validate models, they have limitations. Controlled laboratory…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-01-22 G. Rigon , C. Stoeckl , T. M. Johnson , J. Katz , J. Peebles , C. K. Li

OPERA(Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus) is a new detector concept, iron(lead)-emulsion for a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. This experiment would perform an appearance search for nu_mu-nu_tau oscillation…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Iovane

We undertake a critical evaluation of recent observational information on $\Omega_m$ and $\Omega_\Lambda$ in order to identify possible sources of systematic errors and effects of simplified statistical analyses. We combine observations for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 S. M. Harun-or-Rashid , M. Roos

Physics is based on probabilities as fundamental entities of a mathematical description. Expectation values of observables are computed according to the classical statistical rule. The overall probability distribution for one world covers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-28 C. Wetterich

OPERA (\emph{O}scillation \emph{P}roject with \emph{E}mulsion t\emph{R}acking \emph{A}pparatus) is a long-baseline neutrino experiment, designed to provide the first direct proof of $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ oscillation in the atmospheric…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 M. De Serio

The OPERA experiment has reported neutrinos, from the CNGS beam, that arrived to Gran Sasso Laboratory 60ns earlier that expected for light, within a statistical error margin of {\S}6:9 and a systemic error of {\S}7:4. Therefore, these…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-13 Rafael Torrealba

In this report are recalled in a simple form some of the main concepts about neutrinos, starting from their discovery and classifying them in the Standard Model of the Microcosm. Then are presented the main natural sources of neutrinos,…

Popular Physics · Physics 2013-04-15 Giorgio Giacomelli

The relationship between classical and quantum mechanics is explored in an intuitive manner by the exercise of constructing a wave in association with a classical particle. Using special relativity, the time coordinate in the frame of…

General Physics · Physics 2008-12-08 C. L. Herzenberg

We consider a random trial-based telegraph process, which describes a motion on the real line with two constant velocities along opposite directions. At each epoch of the underlying counting process the new velocity is determined by the…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-17 Irene Crimaldi , Antonio Di Crescenzo , Antonella Iuliano , Barbara Martinucci

Various experiments have shown superluminal group and signal velocities recently. Experiments were essentials carried out with microwave tunnelling, with frustrated total internal reflection, and with gain-assisted anomalous dispersion.…

Classical Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 G. Nimtz , A. A. Stahlhofen , A. Haibel

Violation of Lorentz invariance (VLI) has been suggested as an explanation of the superluminal velocities of muon neutrinos reported by OPERA. In this note we show that the amount of VLI required to explain this result poses severe…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-12-21 R. Cowsik , S. Nussinov , U. Sarkar
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